Chronic renal failure

Question 1

what is the etiology of chronic renal failure?

Answer 1

4I, HTN+DM, congenital, obstructive, 3 metabolic

Question 2

what is the pathophysiology of chronic renal failure?

Answer 2

H2O, H+
Na+, K+
Ca+, Po4
Urea, Creat

Question 3

what is the c/p of chronic renal failure in Blood , bone and skin? and sym ttt. ?

Answer 3

blood: anemia, thrombasthenia, infections
ttt: erythropoietin 4000u + packed RBCs
bone: renal osteodysdrophy
ttt: po4 chelation and diet and CaCo3 + active D
skin :4p
ttt: po4 chelation and diet and antihis

Question 4

what is the c/p of chronic renal failure in CNS, CVS, Chest and GIT? and sym ttt. ?

Answer 4

CNS: Apathy, loss of conc, confusion, convulsions, coma. + …
ttt: diazepam, b12, dialysis.
CVS: itis, failure and HTN
ttt: peri–dialysis. + failure and HTN
GIT: itis +smell, dry, hiccough, constipation
ttt: motilium, rani
Chest: itis + rapid deep
ttt: non toxic antibiotics

Question 5

what is the c/p of chronic renal failure in endocrine and metabolism ? and sym ttt. ?

Answer 5

endo: all hormones increases except t3 and insulin– resistence.
ttt: HCO3, parathyroid, statin, insulin.
metabolic: hyperlipidemia, pt catabolism.

Question 6

what are the inv of chronic renal failure ?

Answer 6

blood&urine + KFT,US(shrunk, loss of diff, echogenicity)

Question 7

what are the stages of chronic renal failure?

Answer 7

90 ml/min - 90-60 , 60-30 , 30-15 , >15

Question 8

what are the indications of dialysis in CRF ?

Answer 8

c/p: A,3P,2C,D
Lab: Urea, Creat, Creat clearance, K, HCO3, PH.

Question 9

Mention Diet control in CRF ?

Answer 9

H2O, Pt, NA, K.