Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SPECON LEC > CHRONIC PAIN > Flashcards

CHRONIC PAIN Flashcards

1
Q

A subjective and entirely individually personal experience
influenced by learning, context, and multiple
psychosocial variables

A

Pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

T/F Pain serves as an adaptive function designed to protect the
organism from harm

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The one that said that pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience
associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or
described in terms of such damage

A

International Association for the Study of Pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

It is a physiologic response to a “noxious” event which is time limited where in treatment should be aimed at removing the problem

A

Acute Pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A type of pain that happens 3-6 mos p the initiating event which is both psychological and behavioral

A

Chronic Pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

T/F Acute pain may not be associated with ongoing noxious event or
pathologic process

A

F, Chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Chronic pain may be associated with ______ and ______

A

Disrupted sleep
Declining function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Chronic pain eventually ceases to serve any ____ role

A

protective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Chronic pain can become a source of:

A

Dysfunctional behaviors
Suffering
Disability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Untreated chronic pain can lead to multiple issues such as:

A

-Increased cost of health care
-Overuse or misuse of psychoactive medications
-Iatrogenic complications
-Increased economic and social costs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

This pain includes repeated episodes of acute pain such as recurrent episodes of back pain

A

Recurrent pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T/F Recurrent pain may also include Acute pain where symptoms are intermittent such as migraine HA

A

F, Chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Page 7-8

A

-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A chronic biopsychosocial disease characterized
by impaired control over drug use, compulsive
use, continued use despite harm, & craving

A

Addiction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Medications whose primary indication is a condition other than pain but have demonstrated benefit in pain mx

Includes antidepressants, anti convulsants, corticosteroids, neuroleptics, etc.

A

Adjuvent medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pain caused by a stimulus that does not
normally provoke pain (e.g. pt perceives touch as pain)

Can occur d/t medical disorder, result of past trauma/injury, or present idiopathically by itself (Fibromyalgia, Migraine, postherpic neuralgia)

A

Allodynia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Absence of pain in response to stimulation that
would normally be painful

A

Analgesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A syndrome of sustained burning pain, allodynia,
& hyperpathia after a traumatic nerve lesion,
often combined with vasomotor & sudomotor
dysfunction (such as diabetic autonomic
neuropathy) & later trophic changes, such as in
the skin & connective tissues in the area

A

Causalgia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pain initiated or caused by a primary lesion or
dysfunction in the central nervous system; pain
that the brain thinks is in the area but it’s not
there anymore

A

Central Pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pain that exists when individuals have developed
extensive pain behaviors, such as preoccupation
with pain, passive approach to health care,
significant life disruption, feelings of isolation,
demanding, angry, or doctor-shopping

A

Chronic Pain Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A maladaptive pattern of drug use marked by
tolerance & a drug class-specific withdrawal
syndrome that can be produced by abrupt
cessation, rapid dose reduction, decreasing
blood levels of drug, or administration of an
antagonist

A

Dependence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

An unpleasant abnormal sensation, whether
spontaneous or evoked
Feels like a shock, burning, or tightening

A

Dysesthesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

An increased response to a stimulus that is
normally painful

A

Hyperalgesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Increased sensitivity to stimulation (most likely,
touch), excluding the special senses

A

Hyperesthesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Pain associated with cancer

A

Malignant pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Pain initiated or caused by a primary lesion,
dysfunction, or transitory perturbation in the
peripheral or central nervous system

A

Neurogenic Pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Pain initiated or caused by a primary lesion or
dysfunction in the nervous system

A

Neuropathic pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The opposite of a placebo or the placebo effect.
A nocebo is an inert treatment or event that
increases Sx because the patient believes it will
increase Sx. The expectation of pain can result in
both increased pain from painful stimuli &
allodynia, pain from a normally non painful
stimulus

A

Nocebo effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

A receptor preferentially sensitive to a noxious
stimulus that would become noxious if
prolonged

A

Nociception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Refers to the affective component of pain.
Suffering includes both emotional (e.g., anxiety & anger) & cognitive (e.g., thoughts of
helplessness) components, & may be d/t a
combination of unpleasantness &
catastrophizing (making a “catastrophe” out of minor issues)

A

Suffering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Musculoskeltal causes

A

Spinal pain
Headaches
Arthritis

32
Q

Other causes

A

Stroke
Spinal Cord Injuries
Multiple Sclerosis
HIV/AIDS
Cancer

33
Q

This model of pain indicates that tissue damage causes pain sensations. This also works for acute pain

A

Traditional model of pain

34
Q

Traditional model is unable to explain other examples of pain where no
damage could be found

A

-

35
Q

Physical factors interact with personal and
environmental factos to affect body function and structure, activity, and participation in life activities

A

Biopsychosocial

36
Q

This happens when patients have developed extensive pain behaviors. It can be considered a disease rather than a symptom affecting ALL aspects of life

A

Chronic Pain Syndrome

37
Q

T/F CPS should address primary pathology and perpetuating factors

A

F, secondary

38
Q

CPS RX should address:

A

peripheral and central
sensitization,
disinhibition,
anxiety,
catastrophizing,
fear
avoidance, etc.`

39
Q

PAGE 14

A

-

40
Q

According to this approach, acute pain is primarily nociceptive wherein Mechanical, thermal, chemical, and free nerve endings in
the periphery transmit information about noxoius
stimuli via different nerves

A

Integrated Biobehavioral Approach

41
Q

2 Different brain areas process different types of pain:
A. SI Somatosensory Cortex
B. SII Somatosensory Cortex

  1. Sensory discriminatory aspect of pain
  2. Recognition, learning, and memory of pain events
A

A
B

42
Q

This processes pain and unpleasantness which contributes to affect, cognition, and response selection

A

Anterior Cingulate Cortex

43
Q

This area mediates autonomic responses o noxious stimulation and is considered to be the ________ component of pain related memory and learning

A

Insula
AFFECTIVE

44
Q

This is a complex network of synaptic links initially determined by genetics which is modified by psychological and sensory inputs both
before and during the pain experience

A

Pain Neuromatrix

45
Q

Pain neuromatrix is wherein pain is a complex web of interactions modulated by both _____ and _____ physical & psychological states

A

current
previous

46
Q

PAGE 18

A

-

47
Q

This theory is proposed by Melzack and Wall which talks about how a nonpainful stimulus can decrease the perception
of pain

A

Gate Control Theory

48
Q

According to The Gate Control Theory, it is a ______control in wounded athletes & soldiers

A

Descending

49
Q

In the Gate control theory, it is mediated by _______ and descending ______ connections

A

Norepinephrine
Noradrenergic

50
Q

Melzack proposed the neuromatrix to explain how the
pain experience is mediated by multiple factors

A

-

51
Q

This pathway travel through the Dorsal funiculus

A

Dorsal Inhibitory Pathways

52
Q

In the Dorsal Inhibitory Pathways, neurotransmitters secreted in the dorsal horn:

A

Noradrenaline
Acetylcholine
Serotonin
Glycine

53
Q

_________ factors modify activity of the pain
pathways in all levels of the nervous system

A

Descending inhibitory

54
Q

_______ sensitivity can be reversed by ________ (antagonist)

A

Opioid
Naloxone

55
Q

Modulaters in the GCT

A

Placebo, antidepressants, anticonvulsants

56
Q

In the GCT, structures involved:

A

Hypothalamus
Amygdala
Periaqueductal grey area (PAG)
Rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM)

57
Q

This is the decreasing modulationwhich can increase pain as well as inhibit it. The expectation of pain can result in both increased pain from painful stimuli but also allodynia

A

Nocebo effect

58
Q

Nocebo effect can be mediated by:

A

Caudal anterior cingulate cortex
Head of the caudate
Cerebellum
Contralateral cuneiform nucleus

59
Q

PAGE 23-26

A

-

60
Q

Afferent nociceptive input is increased through a
decreased threshold, increased responsiveness and/or
increased receptive field

A

Peripheral Sensitization

61
Q

In peripheral sensitization, inflammatory mediators include:

A

Cytokines
Prostaglandins
Serotonin

62
Q

T/F For peripheral sensitization, Injury sensitizes the nerve through either inflammation
witihin the neural connective tissue or indirect
compromise of the axons

A

F, direct

63
Q

Inflammation in the CNS causes increased sensitization
by increasing excitability in the dorsal horn

A

Central Sensitization

64
Q

Central sensitization may result in:

A

hyperalgesia, allodynia, aftersensations, summation

65
Q

T/F Central sensitization provides a physiologic explanation for pain in the
presence of identifiable injury

A

F, absence of identifiable injury

66
Q

Central sensitization is a ______mechanism for pain during stress or psyche

A

Physical

67
Q

T/F Central sensitization can be maintained by ongoing nociceptive input or be
independent of nociceptive input

A

T

68
Q

Central sentization can occur in the ff:

A

SC,
RVM,
amygdala,
anterior cingulate cortex,
and trigeminal brainstem complex

69
Q

This are Repeated low-frequency nociceptor stimulation
results in progressively increased action potential in
the dorsal horn cells

A

Wind-up

70
Q

T/F Wind up can cause short-term potentiation

A

F, long-term

71
Q

Central sensitization can occur in conditions such as:

A

Fibromyalgia
Widespread myofascial pain
Chronic headache
TMJ disorders
Neuropathic pain

72
Q

Occurs when the pain fiber synapses with the seconday
neuron in the dorsal horn is amplified, resulting in the
firing of the secondary neuron with lower peripheral
stimulus

A

Hyperalgesia

73
Q

Decreased firing threshold or decreased inhibition

A

Short-term allodynia

74
Q

Includes sprouting of A Alpha and Beta fibers to synapse
with nociceptor fibers causing sensory input to be pain

A

Long-term allodynia

75
Q
A
76
Q
A

SPECON LEC (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions