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renal > CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE > Flashcards

CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of chronic kidney disease?

A

Presence of structural and or functional alterations within the kidney. Progressive loss in renal function occurs over a period of months or years.

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2
Q

How many stages of chronic kidney disease are there?

A

6

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3
Q

What is the definition of stage 1 chronic kidney disease?

A

Kidney damage (non-urological haematuria or proteinuria) with a eGFR of over 90 mL/min/1.73m2

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4
Q

What is the definition of stage 2 chronic kidney disease?

A

Kidney damage (non-urological haematuria or proteinuria) with a eGFR of between 60-89 mL/min/1.73m2

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5
Q

What is the definition of stage 3a chronic kidney disease?

A

eGFR of 45-59 mL/min/1.73m2

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6
Q

What is the definition of stage 3b chronic kidney disease?

A

eGFR of 30-44 mL/min/1.73m2

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7
Q

What is the definition of stage 4 chronic kidney disease?

A

eGFR of 15-29 mL/min/1.73m2

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8
Q

What is the definition of stage 5 chronic kidney disease?

A

eGFR of less than 15 mL/min/1.73m2 or requiring dialysis

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9
Q

What are the renal causes (as opposed to extrarenal) of chronic kidney disease?

A 
Glomerulonephritis
Chronic pyelonephritis
Bladder or urethral obstruction
Polycystic kidney disease
Interstitial nephritis
Amyloid
Myeloma
Renal vascular disease
Alport's syndrome
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10
Q

What are the extrarenal causes of chronic kidney disease?

A 
Diabetes mellitus
Hypertension
Heart failure
SLE
Gout
Hypercalcaemia
Renovascular disease (atheroma)
Vasculitis
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11
Q

What is the difference between acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease?

A

The timespan

Reversibility - AKI can be reversible

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12
Q

Which groups of patients should be screened for chronic kidney disease?

A

Vascular disease and heart failure patients
Patients on ACE inhibitors
Hypertension patients
Diabetics
Patients with recurring UTIs
Patients with bladder outflow obstruction
Those maintained on long term NSAIDs

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13
Q

What are the complications of chronic kidney disease?

A 
Hypertension
Uraemia
Hyperkalaemia
Anaemia - EPO deficiency and iron deficiency
Fluid overload
Hyperphosphataemia
Hypocalcaemia
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Metabolic acidosis

Increased cancer risk

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14
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of uraemia?

A 
Cramps
Vomiting
Uraemic frost
Polyneuritis
Fatigue
Pericarditis
Encephalopathy
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15
Q

What is the most common cause of death is people with chronic kidney disease?

A

Cardiovascular event

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16
Q

How are patients with chronic kidney disease managed?

A

Reduce risk factors - treat hyperlipidaemia, hypertension
ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers
Replacement of EPO and calcitriol
Eventually dialysis or transplant will be needed

renal (13 decks)

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