Chronic Kidney Disease

Question 1

What’s the indication for dialysis in CKD?

Answer 1

Asympatomatic and eGFR between 5 - 7 ml/min/m2

Symptomatic i.e uraemia

Question 2

What are 3 complications of CKD?

Answer 2

Cardiovascular Disease
Renal osteodystrophy
Anaemia

Question 3

What calcium biochemical abnormalities are seen in CKD?

Answer 3

Hypocalcaemia
Hyperphosphatemia
Hyperparathyroidism (secondary)

Question 4

What are some treatment to give in CKD?

Answer 4

ACE-i/ARB
Statins
Secondary prevention of CVD i.e aspirin

Question 5

Treatment of calcium abnormalities in CKD?

Answer 5

Cholecalciferol/Ergocalciferol if Vit D low

Alfacalcidol/Calcitriol if Vit D normal

Question 6

What are 2 parameters to quantify the severity of CKD?

Answer 6

eGFR

Albumin creatinine ratio

Question 7

Name 3 urine tests to do in CKD diagnosis

Answer 7

Urine dipstick (look for haematuria)
Albumin: creatinine ratio 
Urine microscopy (for casts)
Urine electrophoresis (for myeloma)

Question 8

Name 3 imaging tests to do in CKD

Answer 8

Renal USS
Echo
Magnetic Resonance Angiography

Question 9

Name 4 blood tests to do in CKD

Answer 9

Autoimmune screen
Lipid levels
FBC
U + E
Bone profile i.e PTH, calcium etc.
Myeloma screen

Question 10

What is the function of ACE-inhibitors in CKD?

Answer 10

Prevents proteinuria (antiproteinuric)
Controls BP (antihypertensive)
Prognostic benefit