Chronic Kideny Disease Flashcards
What is CKD?
is a progressive, irreversible kidney disease.
● A client who has CKD can be free of manifestations
except during periods of stress (infection, surgery, and trauma). As kidney dysfunction progresses, manifestations become apparent.
● Older adult clients are at an increased risk for chronic kidney disease related to the aging process (decreased number of functioning nephrons, decreased GFR).
● Older adult clients who are on bed rest, confused, have a lack of thirst, and do not have easy access to water are at a higher risk for dehydration leading to chronic kidney disease.
What are the risk factors?
- Acute kidney injury
- Diabetes mellitus
- Chronic glomerulonephritis
- Nephrotoxic medications (gentamicin, NSAIDs)
or chemicals - Hypertension, especially in African American clients
- Autoimmune disorders (systemic lupus erythematosus)
- Polycystic kidney disease
- Pyelonephrosis
- Renal artery stenosis
- Recurrent severe infections
What are the stages of CKD?
What are the s/s of CKD?
What are the lab tests used to check for CKD?
- Urinalysis: Hematuria, proteinuria, and decrease in specific gravity
- Blood creatinine: Gradual increase over months to years for CKD exceeding 4 mg/dL; can increase to 15 to 30 mg/dL
- BUN: Gradual increase with elevated blood creatinine over months to years for CKD; can increase 10 to 20 times the creatinine finding
- Blood electrolytes: Decreased sodium (dilutional) and calcium; increased potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium
- CBC: Decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit from anemia secondary to the loss of erythropoietin in CKD