Chronic Kideny Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is CKD?

A

is a progressive, irreversible kidney disease.
● A client who has CKD can be free of manifestations
except during periods of stress (infection, surgery, and trauma). As kidney dysfunction progresses, manifestations become apparent.
● Older adult clients are at an increased risk for chronic kidney disease related to the aging process (decreased number of functioning nephrons, decreased GFR).
● Older adult clients who are on bed rest, confused, have a lack of thirst, and do not have easy access to water are at a higher risk for dehydration leading to chronic kidney disease.

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2
Q

What are the risk factors?

A
  • Acute kidney injury
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Chronic glomerulonephritis
  • Nephrotoxic medications (gentamicin, NSAIDs)
    or chemicals
  • Hypertension, especially in African American clients
  • Autoimmune disorders (systemic lupus erythematosus)
  • Polycystic kidney disease
  • Pyelonephrosis
  • Renal artery stenosis
  • Recurrent severe infections
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3
Q

What are the stages of CKD?

A
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4
Q

What are the s/s of CKD?

A
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5
Q

What are the lab tests used to check for CKD?

A
  • Urinalysis: Hematuria, proteinuria, and decrease in specific gravity
  • Blood creatinine: Gradual increase over months to years for CKD exceeding 4 mg/dL; can increase to 15 to 30 mg/dL
  • BUN: Gradual increase with elevated blood creatinine over months to years for CKD; can increase 10 to 20 times the creatinine finding
  • Blood electrolytes: Decreased sodium (dilutional) and calcium; increased potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium
  • CBC: Decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit from anemia secondary to the loss of erythropoietin in CKD
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