chronic inflammation Flashcards
What is chronic inflammation
Chronic response to injury. Occurs due to follow on from acute inflammation or from chronic insult. Results in repair and scaring
How does chronic inflammation occur
- Take over from acute. Damage is too severe to be resolved in a few days
- May arise de novo e.g autoimmune conditions (RA) or chronic infections (viral hepatitis)
- Develops alongside if repeated irritation at the site
Which cells are often present
Macrophages and lymphocytes
macrophages in chronic inflammation
Activated by cytokines and other chemicals. Have many types which can be specialised eg alveolar which invest dust in the lungs so look black. They are derived from monocytes.
Functions of macrophages during chronic inflammation
Phagocytosis and presentation of antigen
Syntesis of cytokines and other things e.g clotting factors
Control of other cells by cytokine release. Different macrophages
role of lymphocytes in chronic inflammation
B- produce antibodies
T - control and cytotoxic functions
role of eosinophils in chronic inflammation
allergic reactions, parasite infestations
role of fibroblasts/myofibrolblasts in chronic inflammation
make collagen
what is a giant cell
many fused macrophages/immune cells. trying to remove v difficult to remove bacteria/forgein material
what is a langerhans giant cells
associated with TB. almost incomplete right if cells around the foreign material
what is a foreign in body cell
no real arrangement of nuclei. just randomly arranged around the foreign bodies. e.g tattoo
what is a Touton giant cell
found in leisions with high lipid content e.g breast. foamy cytoplasm and nuclei around edge. foamy cytoplasm[;asm due to fat necrosis from trauma
when does chronic inflammation occur
after/alongside acute inflammation
chronic persistant infections
autoimmune conditions e.g RA or viral hepatitis
prolonged exposure to toxic agents
complications of chronic inflammation
atrophy
fibrosis
impaired function
tissue destruction
examples of chronic inflammation
RA - autoimmune of synovial membrane in joint
ulcerative colitis- only affects 1 part of bowel meaning it can be removed by surgery
crohns disease- affects entire bowel- impress function and surgery to remove it is not an option
(the last 2 have symptoms including; diarrhoea, rectal bleeding, pain, ALSO in churns get fistulae - abdominal connections between 2 epithelial lined organs)
chronic gastritis- caused by H.pylori which is found in mucosal crypts of bowel. produce urea = ammonia = toxic
cirrhosis - caused by alcohol, liver disease and infection e.g HBV. liver is enlarged = jaundice, liver failure, fibrosis and clotting abnormalities
