chronic inflammation Flashcards
what are some factors which favour resolution?
minimal cell death and tissue damage; occurrence in organ tissue with good capacity to regenerate; rapid removal of dead tissue and fluid
what is organisation?
the replacement of destroyed tissue with granulation tissue.
when does organisation happen?
when there are indigestible substances, large amounts of fibrin present, substantial amounts of necrosis; exudate and debris cannot be removed/discharged; deep-seated suppurative inflammation where there is no drainage (e.g. ulcers)
what are some key features of chronic inflammation?
new capillaries form in the damaged tissue, presence of macrophages and lymphocytes instead of neutrophils
what is primary chronic inflammation?
chronic inflammation that is not acute inflammation first e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis
empyema thoracis
formation of a pus infection in the pleural membrane
what happens to macrophage cells upon activation?
they change their shape, become bigger and ‘angry’
what are plasma cells?
activated lymphocytes - B cells which are pro inflammatory and produce antibodies.
how do leucocytes communicate with each other during inflammation?
via the release of chemical mediators e.g. chemical mediators
what are quiescent B and T cells?
T and B cells which have produced an inflammatory response and return to the lymph nodes where they can help stimulate a faster and more efficient immune response, immunological memory.
how do some bacteria survive ingestion by macrophages and why?
some bacteria have evolved to resist digestion by macrophages which allows them to avoid the rest of the immune responses. e.g. mycobacterium tuberculosis.
what are some examples of chemical mediators that macrophages produce?
Macrophage activation factor (MAF) which promotes inflammation; and Migration inhibition factor (MIF) which inhibits the inflammatory response
what are alveolar macrophages?
macrophage cells found in the lungs
what are histiocytes?
macrophage cells in connective tissue
what are microglial cells?
macrophage cells found in nervous tissue
