Chronic Heart Failure (Pharmacotherapy e11)

Question 1

What are compensatory responses that attempt to maintain adequate CO? (e11)

Answer 1

1. Activation of sympathetic nervous system (SNS)

2. Activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)

Question 2

What are examples of agents that play a role in ventricular remodeling and progression of HF? (e11)

Answer 2

1. Norepinephrine
2. Angiotensin II
3. Aldosterone
4. Vasopressin
5. Proinflammatory cytokines

Question 3

What are lusitropic properties? (e11)

Answer 3

Relaxation

Question 4

CO equation (e11)

Answer 4

CO = HR x SV

Question 5

MAP equation (e11)

Answer 5

MAP = CO x SVR (systemic vascular resistance)

Question 6

Stroke volume or blood ejected during systole depends on what? (e11)

Answer 6

1. Preload
2. Afterload
3. Contractility