Chronic Disease Flashcards
What does low albumin indicate?
- malnutrition
- coeliac disease
- kidney disease
What does high albumin indicate?
- severe infection
- dehydration
- chronic inflammation
What does high bilirubin indicate?
High conjugates: liver/bile duct disease
High unconjugated: Gilbert’s/haemolytic anemia
What is GGT a marker of?
Marker of liver disease from drugs/alcohol.
What are AST/ALT markers of?
Liver disease markers of drugs, toxins
and alcohol.
What is ALP a marker of?
High in obstructive liver disease.
(bile duct destruction stimulates ALP)
- Can have a non-hepatic origin (high osteoclast activity- Paget’s, osteomalacia)
What does a high CRP/ESR mean?
CRP/ESR are markers that show if there is any inflammation in the body, it can be raised if you have any burns, infections and in other scenarios
What does a high INR mean?
High susceptibility to bleeding
What does a low INR mean?
Clot susceptibile
What are some symptoms of a raised INR?
headache
stomach ache
bleeding
bruising
gum bleeding
blood in urine
What are some symptoms of a low INR?
weakness
numbness
vision changes
new pain/swelling/redness in calf/ chest pain (DVT/PE)
How does an increased consumption of green fruit/veg effect your INR?
Lowers INR
-Vit K increased blood thickness “clot”
-Vit K is antagonist to warfarin
What is the HBA1C range for pre diabetes?
42-47
What HBA1C is diagnostic for diabetes?
> 48
What is HBA1C? (in patient friendly language)
“HBA1c is a test that measures your average blood sugar levels over the previous 2-3 months as the sugar sticks to cells in the blood”
