CHROMOSOMES, GENES & DNA Flashcards
What is the function of DNA?
To produce protein
Where is DNA located?
in the nucleus of all cells (except red blood cells because they don’t have a nucleus)
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What type of molecule is DNA?
DNA is a molecule that codes for your traits
What is present in the same form in all cells of your body?
DNA is present in the same form of every cell of your body
In what area of the reproduction system in DNA present in?
DNA is present in egg and sperm cells
Where does your DNA come from?
Half of your DNA comes from each of your mother and father
What is genes?
Genes are a segment of our DNA that encodes (physical) traits
How much genes do humans have?
25,000
What information do genes contain?
Information to make a special type of protein
What are traits made up of?
Protein
What’s inside a cell?
- Cell
- Nucleus
- Chromosome
- DNA
- Gene
What is a chromosome?
A chromosome is a threadlike structure
made of DNA carrying genetic
information in the form of genes.
What is DNA organized into?
Chromosome
How many chromosomes does a human have?
46 Chromosomes
23 from your mother
23 from your father
How many types of chromosomes are there?
two types
What types of chromosomes are there?
Autosomes and sex chromosomes
What are the two type of sex chromosomes?
X and Y
What are autosomes?
Chromosomes that determine somatic characters of an organism, such as body weight and length.
What’s somatic mean?
The cells of your body
What are sex chromosomes?
Chromosomes that determine sex
How many pairs of autosome are there?
1-22 pairs
What is a male autosome?
X/Y
What is a female autosome?
X/X
What is a karyotype
Photos of chromosomes arranged from largest to smallest with the sex chromosomes last
What are the two types of cells in your body?
Gametes - (sex cells)
Somatic - (body cells)
What is the definition of haploid?
Haploide describes a cell that has a single set of chromosomes. (sex cells)
Haploid means half, therefore egg and sperm has 23 chromosomes
What is diploid?
Diploid cells have two sets of chromosomes, they are body cells
What happens during fertilization?
Two haploid sex cells come together to form the diploid organism.
