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Biology Genetics > CHROMOSOMES, GENES & DNA > Flashcards

CHROMOSOMES, GENES & DNA Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of DNA?

A

To produce protein

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2
Q

Where is DNA located?

A

in the nucleus of all cells (except red blood cells because they don’t have a nucleus)

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3
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

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4
Q

What type of molecule is DNA?

A

DNA is a molecule that codes for your traits

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5
Q

What is present in the same form in all cells of your body?

A

DNA is present in the same form of every cell of your body

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6
Q

In what area of the reproduction system in DNA present in?

A

DNA is present in egg and sperm cells

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7
Q

Where does your DNA come from?

A

Half of your DNA comes from each of your mother and father

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8
Q

What is genes?

A

Genes are a segment of our DNA that encodes (physical) traits

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9
Q

How much genes do humans have?

A

25,000

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10
Q

What information do genes contain?

A

Information to make a special type of protein

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11
Q

What are traits made up of?

A

Protein

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12
Q

What’s inside a cell?

A
  1. Cell
  2. Nucleus
  3. Chromosome
  4. DNA
  5. Gene
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13
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

A chromosome is a threadlike structure
made of DNA carrying genetic
information in the form of genes.

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14
Q

What is DNA organized into?

A

Chromosome

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15
Q

How many chromosomes does a human have?

A

46 Chromosomes
23 from your mother
23 from your father

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16
Q

How many types of chromosomes are there?

A

two types

17
Q

What types of chromosomes are there?

A

Autosomes and sex chromosomes

18
Q

What are the two type of sex chromosomes?

A

X and Y

19
Q

What are autosomes?

A

Chromosomes that determine somatic characters of an organism, such as body weight and length.

20
Q

What’s somatic mean?

A

The cells of your body

21
Q

What are sex chromosomes?

A

Chromosomes that determine sex

22
Q

How many pairs of autosome are there?

A

1-22 pairs

23
Q

What is a male autosome?

A

X/Y

24
Q

What is a female autosome?

A

X/X

25
Q

What is a karyotype

A

Photos of chromosomes arranged from largest to smallest with the sex chromosomes last

26
Q

What are the two types of cells in your body?

A

Gametes - (sex cells)
Somatic - (body cells)

27
Q

What is the definition of haploid?

A

Haploide describes a cell that has a single set of chromosomes. (sex cells)

Haploid means half, therefore egg and sperm has 23 chromosomes

28
Q

What is diploid?

A

Diploid cells have two sets of chromosomes, they are body cells

29
Q

What happens during fertilization?

A

Two haploid sex cells come together to form the diploid organism.

Biology Genetics (3 decks)

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