Chromosomes Genes And Dna

Question 1

What can you use to see chromosomes cell dividing?

Answer 1

A light microscope

Question 2

How many chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 2

46 chromosomes

Question 3

Name the two gametes

Answer 3

The female gamete
The male gamete

Question 4

What are the male gametes and where are they produced

Answer 4

Sperm cells are the male gametes and they are very small cells produced in the testes

Question 5

What are the female gametes and where are they produced?

Answer 5

Egg cells are the female gametes and they are small ells produced in the ovaries but they are bigger than the sperm cells

Question 6

How is semen produced?

Answer 6

Sperm cells travel from the testes to the vagina mixed with the gland fluid producing semen.

Question 7

How does the semen reach the uterus?

Answer 7

During sexual intercourse semen is ejaculated, reaches the cervix and reaches the uterus

Question 8

When does fertilisation occur?

Answer 8

Fertilization occurs when sperm cells nucleus fuses with egg cells nucleus forming a zygote the egg cell membrane, hardens preventing sperm from entering

Question 9

How many chromosomes does each gamete have?

Answer 9

Each gamete has 23 chromosomes

Question 10

What is the information found in the nucleus of every cell arranged into chromosomes.

Answer 10

It is DNA or also known as Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 11

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 11

23

Question 12

What joins our body together to form proteins that make our body perform the way it needs?

Answer 12

Amino acids

Question 13

How can genetic conditions be passed down?

Answer 13

Either through generations or can be cause by lifestyle factors such as smoking, contact with radioactive substances we call these factors mutagens

Question 14

What are mutagens?

Answer 14

Mutagens have the ability to change the DNA code which can cause the cell to start making the wrong proteins and carrying out the wrong functions.

Question 15

Name 3 genetic conditions

Answer 15

Dwarfism
Down syndrome
Cystic fibrosis

Question 16

What does sickle cell anaemia do to the body?

Answer 16

In sickle cell anaemia it changes the shape of the red blood cell.

Question 17

What is the 23rd pair chromosome made up from?

Answer 17

It is made up of the X and Y chromosomes. It differs in males and females

Question 18

How many x chromosomes does a female have?

Answer 18

Two

Question 19

What type of chroosome does a male have?

Answer 19

A male has and X and Y chromosome

Question 20

When a sperm cell and egg cell fuse together at fertilisation the new cell that is produced is called a?

Answer 20

A zygote

Question 21

What is the shape of a DNA molecule?

Answer 21

Double helix

Question 22

What is a gene?

Answer 22

A segment of DNA in a chromosome responsible for a particular function.

Question 23

What happens to the nucleus of the sperm cell at fertilisation

Answer 23

During fertilisation the nucleus of the sperm cell fuses with the nucleus of the egg cell to form a new cell called a zygote

Question 24

State two reasons why the egg cell is much bigger than the sperm cell.

Answer 24

The surface area of the egg cell increases the chance of fertilisation at it is a bigger target.

The large cell allows more space for the cytoplasm where all the nutrients for the embryo is stored

Question 25

How long does each red blood cell live for?

Answer 25

120 days

Question 26

What does DNA do?

Answer 26

It helps determine characteristics of humans and organisms

Question 27

What is the head of the sperm cell called?
And what is its function?

Answer 27

It’s called an acrosome, and it digest the egg cell membrane for penetration

Question 28

What does the mid piece of the sperm cell do?

Answer 28

Contains mitochondria, which releases energy to allow the sperm cell to move