chromosomes and mitosis

Question 1

what organelle does most cells in our body have?

Answer 1

nucleus

Question 2

what does the nucleus contain? in what form?

Answer 2

the nucleus contains genetic material in forms of chromosomes.

Question 3

what are chromosomes?

Answer 3

coiled up packets of DNA

Question 4

what do chromosomes carry?

Answer 4

each chromosome carries a large number of different genes.

Question 5

what do genes control?

Answer 5

genes control the development of different characteristics.

Question 6

give 3 examples of characteristics a gene controls.

Answer 6

hair colour
eye colour
height

Question 7

how many numbers of chromosomes do normal human body cells have?

Answer 7

23 pairs

Question 8

how many copies of each chromosome do human body cells have? where do they get each one from?

Answer 8

body cells normally have 2 copies of each chromosome, one from the mother and one from the father.

Question 9

what is the cell cycle?

Answer 9

a series of stages where a cell divides into 2 identical daughter cells.

Question 10

why is the cell cycle needed?

Answer 10

it produces cells for: GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT, REPAIR.

Question 11

How do cells divide?

Answer 11

through a series of stages known as the cell cycle

Question 11

what happens during the cell cycle? give a brief explanation.

Answer 11

During the cell cycle genetic material is doubled and then divided into two identical cells

Question 11

what stage is known for division?

Answer 11

mitosis

Question 11

What is cell division by mitosis important in?

Answer 11

The growth and development of tissues in multicellular organisms
Repair of tissues in multi-cellular organisms
Asexual reproduction in multicellular organisms and binary fission in unicellular organisms

Question 11

what are the 2 main stages of the cell cycle?

Answer 11

Growth + DNA replication and Mitosis

Question 11

explain thoroughly the Growth + DNA replication stage.

Answer 11

1. Before division occurs, DNA is spread out into long strings.
2. The cell becomes larger and increases the number of subcellular structures, specifically mitochondria and ribosomes.
3. DNA then duplicates, ensuring one copy for each new cell, forming X shape chromosomes. Each arm of the chromosome is genetically identical to the other.

Question 12

explain thoroughly the mitosis stage.

Answer 12

1. The chromosomes line up at the centre of the cell and cell fibres from each pole pull the arms of the chromosomes into opposite ends of the cell.
2. Membranes build around each set of the chromosomes, dividing the nucleus into 2 nuclei for each new cell.
3. Finally, the cytoplasm and cell membrane divide.

YOU NOW HAVE 2 DAUGHTER CELLS READY FOR:
GROWTH
REPAIR
DEVELOPMENT.

Question 13

what is formed at the end of the cell cycle?

Answer 13

2 new cells, identical to the og cell sharing the exact number of chromosomes - 2 DAUGHTER CELLS

Question 14

what is the scientific term for the division of the cytoplasm?

Answer 14

cytokinesis

Question 15

what’s the name of the 23rd pair of chromosomes?

Answer 15

the sex chromosomes, these are the X and Y chromosomes

Question 16

what do the daughter cells contain?

Answer 16

exact same DNA, identical to each other and the parent cell.

Question 17

what happens to the daughter cells immediately after they’re formed?

Answer 17

they have a temporary cell resting period before undergoing the process of the cell cycle later on.

Question 18

what the deinition of a gene?

Answer 18

a small section of DNA that codes for a particular protein.