Chromosomes

Question 1

genome and include an example

Answer 1

a skin cell or a liver cell, contains this same set of instructions

Question 2

where are the copy of genomes found

Answer 2

all cells within the body that have a nucleus

Question 3

chromsomes

Answer 3

tiny thread like strands that carry thousands of genes

Question 4

How many chromsomes in a somatic cell

Answer 4

46 chromosomes in a somatic cell

Question 5

When do chromsomes form, howmanychromsomes does each gamete contain

Answer 5

chromsomes form when 2 gametes guse

each gamete contian 23 chroomsomes each

Question 6

karyotype

Answer 6

an individual’s complete set of chromosomes which are arranged in sizes and pairs

Question 7

each chromsome will vary based on

Answer 7

the number of nucleotides present

Question 8

gene locus

Answer 8

location of a specific gene on a chromosme

Question 9

Telomere vs centromere

Answer 9

telomere: repetitive base sequences to protect the ends of chromosomes

centromere: sequence of DNA that hold the two chromatids together

Question 10

what are homoglous chromsomes

Answer 10

pairs of chromosomes that:

1. are the same size and length
   2.have the same centromere postiion
   3.hare the same genes at the same gene loci

Question 11

pairs of 1-22 chromsomes are known as

Answer 11

autosomes.

Question 12

pairs of 23 chomrosomes are knwon as

Answer 12

sex chromsomes(xy for males and xx for females)

Question 13

how can abnormalities in chromsomes be identified

Answer 13

karyogram

Question 14

Aneuploidy

Answer 14

a genetic disorder where the total number of chromosomes doesn’t equal 46

Question 15

types of aneuploidy

Answer 15

monosomy: one missing chromsome (2n-1)

trisomy: one extra chromsome(2n+1)

tetrasomy: two extra chromsomes(2n+2)

Question 16

Monosomy example

Answer 16

Turner sydromome

Mutation in turner sydrome; single X(often presented as XO)

Incidence rate:1:2000

Common symt[[oms: infertilty, short stautre, fused neck and head

Question 17

example of trsionomy:

Answer 17

Downsydromome

mutation: extra copy of chromoesm 21

incidencd rate 1:1000

common symtpoms: delayed physical growth, possible heart defects, flattened face profile, mild to moderate intelluctual abilty disabilty

Question 18

example of tetrasomy

Answer 18

tetrasomy x

mutation: two extra copies of the x chromosomes(totalling 4)

incidence rate: there exists a community around 100-150 confirmed cases around the world—less feamles diaongosied

common symtpoms: mild delay in physcila devleopment, delyaed sppech developopment, slight to moderate learning diffiucleus

Question 19

why do majortiy of tetrasomy cases go unidgansoised

Answer 19

females with this disorder rarely show symtpoms, thus go undigansoied

Question 20

what is Polyploidy, who is it lethal in and who is it beneficial in

Answer 20

refers to a chromosome abnormality where an organisms has more than two sets of each chromosome

it is lethal in humans, yet its beneifical in some plants as they thrive and survie in thse conditons causing them to becoming larger and plumper eg. strawberries

Question 21

autosomes

Answer 21

chromosomes apart from the sex chromosomes in a eukaryotic cell.

Question 22

.Purines

.Purines

Answer 22

double ringed structures, always pair up with pyrimidines—–Adeninine and guanine

Question 22

Pyrimidines

Pyrimidines

Answer 22

-single eringed structures, always pair up with purines—cytosin, thymine, uracil

Question 23

what are 3 features of chromosomes/what 3 things do chromsomes contain

Answer 23

Telomeres: repetitive base sequences to protect the ends of chromosomes
DNA coiled around histone proteins
Centromere: sequence of DNA that hold the two chromatids together

Question 24

what are the possible effects of mutations on proteins

Answer 24

a variant can cause a protein to malfunction or to not be produced at all eventually leading to disorders

Question 25

the function of a protein is largely determined by its

Answer 25

shape

Question 26

how can the shape of a proteinchange

Answer 26

Dna chaning even the slgithast