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genetics > chromosome segregation > Flashcards

chromosome segregation Flashcards

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1
Q

What is it called when there is no definable centromere?

A

the chromosome is called holocentric

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2
Q

what is it called when the centromere is in the middle?

A

metacentric

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3
Q

what is it called when the centromere is just off the centre?

A

sub metacentric

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4
Q

what is it called when the centromere is near one side of the chromosome?

A

acrocentric

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5
Q

what is it called when the centromere is right on the very end of the chromosome?

A

telocentric

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6
Q

what kind of DNA is the centromere?

A

a short tandem repeat of DNA whose sequence of short tandem repeat varies between species

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7
Q

how long are the short tandem repeats in the centromere?

A

severeal hundred kb in length

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8
Q

Histone protein CENPH3 is replaced by what other kind of histone protein?

A

CENPA

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9
Q

What bases are rich in the short tandem repeats of centromere DNA?

A

the sequence is AT rich and GC lacking

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10
Q

when does the kinetochore form?

A

during prophase 1

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11
Q

how many proteins make up the kinetochore?

A

more than 80

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12
Q

how many microtubules does the kinetochore bind in year compared to in us?

A

in us the kinetochore binds 3-40 microtubules in yeast it binds only one microtubule.

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13
Q

how does the kinetochore ensure that microtubules are attached properly?

A

it removes any incorrectly attached microtubules and also senses tension to ensure the microtubules are correctly attached providing a check point on the cell cycle to ensure that all the microtubules are correctly attached.

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14
Q

which cohesin is protected during the first division?

A

the centromeric cohesin is protected during the first division.

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15
Q

what else do the mitotic/meiotic spindles help to do?

A

they help to push the cells apart in the final separation

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16
Q

what end of the microtubule attaches to the chromosome?

A

the positive end

17
Q

which end of the microtubule is the growin end?

A

the positive end

18
Q

Which histone protein reattached the MT after it depolymerises?

A

CENPE

19
Q

What is the DNA like before the oocyte is prepped for ovulation?

A

The oocyte DNA is is in the bivalent form until development of that oocyte begins in the new menstrual cycle

20
Q

what is the bivelant held together by before menstruation activation?

A

by the chiasmata and by the cohesins

21
Q

how many eggs have the incorrect chromosome number?

A

20/30%

22
Q

how many miscarriages are due to aneuploidy?

A

33%

23
Q

what is a common cause of aneuploidy?

A

breakdown of the cohesin complex as the egg ages

genetics (1 decks)

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