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BIO105- GENETICS > Chromosomal Basis of Heredity > Flashcards

Chromosomal Basis of Heredity Flashcards

1
Q

Where are chromosomes found?

A

Inside the nucleus

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2
Q

What do chromosomes contain?

A

A very long DNA molecule with thousands of genes

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3
Q

How do prokaryotic chromosomes differ from eukaryotic chromosomes?

A

Prokaryotic chromosomes are single and circular, while eukaryotic chromosomes are many and linear

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4
Q

What is the structure of prokaryotic chromosomes?

A

Made only of DNA and found in the cytoplasm

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5
Q

What is the structure of eukaryotic chromosomes?

A

Made of chromatin, found in a nucleus

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6
Q

What happens to chromosomes during prokaryotic cell division?

A

Copies its chromosome and divides immediately afterwards

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7
Q

What happens to chromosomes during eukaryotic cell division?

A

Copies chromosomes, then the cell grows, then goes through mitosis

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8
Q

When can chromosomes in eukaryotes be seen?

A

Condensed and visible during cell division

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9
Q

What are sister chromatids?

A

Identical copies joined by a centromere

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10
Q

What is the function of the centromere?

A

Where the kinetochore attaches for spindle fibers during mitosis and meiosis

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11
Q

What are telomeres?

A

GT rich repetitive sequences at the ends of chromosomes

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12
Q

What happens to telomere length with age?

A

Telomere length shortens

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13
Q

What is the chromosome number like in somatic cells?

A

Constant for each cell in the body

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14
Q

What is the sequence of events in eukaryotic cell division?

A

Nucleus divides (mitosis) followed by cytoplasm division (cytokinesis)

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15
Q

What is the outcome of mitosis?

A

Production of two identical daughter cells from a single parent cell

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16
Q

What is the outcome of meiosis?

A

Production of germ (sex) cells and halves the number of chromosomes

17
Q

What is crossing-over?

A

Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis

18
Q

What is random assortment?

A

Process where chromosomes are distributed randomly into gametes during meiosis

19
Q

What is the chance of having a girl or boy from fertilization?

A

50% chance of a girl and 50% chance of a boy

20
Q

What determines the sex in mammals?

A

Presence of Y-chromosome indicates maleness

21
Q

What are sex chromosomes?

A

Chromosomes that determine the sex of an organism

22
Q

Define homogametic sex.

A

Sex with two identical sex chromosomes (e.g., female XX)

23
Q

Define heterogametic sex.

A

Sex with two different sex chromosomes (e.g., male XY)

24
Q

What is the chromosomal difference in birds for sex determination?

A

Female has ZW and male has ZZ

25
Q

In grasshoppers, what is the chromosomal setup for sex determination?

A

Female has XX and male has Xo

BIO105- GENETICS (5 decks)

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