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ClinChem Lec 2ndYR 2ndSem Prelims > Chromatography & Mass Spectrophotometry > Flashcards

Chromatography & Mass Spectrophotometry Flashcards

1
Q

Is analytical technique commonly used for separating a mixture of chemical substances into individual components, so that the individual components can be thoroughly analyzed

A

Chromatography

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2
Q

Type of chromatography according to their mobile phase

A

Gas
Liquid

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3
Q

Basic components of chromatography

A

Mobile phase / carrier
Stationary phase / absorbent
Column
Eluate
Eluent
Elution
Analyte
Retention time / factor

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4
Q

Solvent moving through the column

A

Mobile phase / carrier

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5
Q

Where the mobile phase flows

A

Stationary phase / absorbent

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6
Q

Holds the stationary phase

A

Column

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7
Q

Separated components in chromatography

A

Eluate

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8
Q

Fluid or substance that enters the column and moves the analyte

A

Eluent

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9
Q

The process of washing out a compound through a column using a suitable solvent

A

Elution

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10
Q

Mixture whose individual components have to be separated and analyzed

A

Analyte

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11
Q

The time it takes for a compound or analyte to elute

A

Retention time / factor

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12
Q

Separating compounds based in their volatility

A

Gas Chromatography

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13
Q

2 types of gas chromatography

A

gas-liquid
gas-solid

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14
Q

gas chromatography based on partition

A

Gas-liquid chromatography

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15
Q

gas chromatography based on adsorption

A

Gas-solid chromatography

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16
Q

2 types of columns

A

Glass or Stainless steel / Packed
Thin-fused silica / Capillary

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17
Q

2 types of detectors

A

Thermal conductivity
Flame ionization

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18
Q

detector that contain wires that change electrical resistance with change in temperature

A

Thermal conductivity

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19
Q

detector that is more sensitive that TC detectors

A

Flame ionization

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20
Q

measures the unknown resistance values in the Thermal Conductivity Detector, and can be used for calibration of different instruments

A

Wheatstone Bridge

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21
Q

Usual gas used in TCD

A

Helium

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22
Q

Part of the sample carrier gas mixture in the injection chamber is exhausted in the split vent

A

Split mode

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23
Q

All the sample carrier gas mixture in the injection chamber is transported through the column

A

Split less mode

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24
Q

Type of column where the stationary phase is coated directly in the column

A

Packed

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25
Q

Type of column where the stationary phase is coated with the inner wall of the column

A

Capillary

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26
Q

Operation of flame ionization detector is based on

A

the detection of ions formed during combustion of organic compounds

27
Q

When an organic compound is mixed within the hydrogen flame, mainly what is generated?

A

Carbon ions

28
Q

Uses lower temperature for separation achieving better separation of thermolabile compounds

A

Liquid Chromatography

29
Q

Compound or sample is actually unstable when heated and they are readily destroyed or deactivated especially when introduced with heat

A

Thermolabile

30
Q

Types of separation techniques

A

Adsorption
Partition
Steric Exclusion
Affinity
Ion-exchange

31
Q

The adhesion of atoms or molecules to a certain surface

A

Adsorption

32
Q

Common adsorbent used in adsorption chromatography

A

Silica

33
Q

Separation of substances according to their solubility in an organic/non-polar solvent and in an aqueous/polar solvent

A

Partitiion

34
Q

Separation based on size and shape

A

Steric Exclusion

35
Q

Steric Exclusion is aka

A

Gel filtration chromtography

36
Q

Use of resin for covalent attachment of anions or cation into it, and is widely used for the separation of proteins, peptides, and nucleic acids

A

Ion Exchange

37
Q

Most selective type of chromatography employed. It utilizes the specific interaction between one kind of solute molecule and a second molecule that is immobilized on a stationary phase

A

Affinity

38
Q

2 types of chromatographic procedures

A

Thin-layer
High-performance liquid

39
Q

Most recommended as it has the highest sensitivity compared to others

A

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

40
Q

Most commonly sued as a semiquantitative screening test

A

Thin-layer Chromtography

41
Q

Used pressure for fast separations, controlled temperature, in-line detectors and gradient elution techniques

A

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

42
Q

Basic components of HPLC

A

Pump
Columns
Sample injectors
Detectors
Recorders

43
Q

Forces the mobile phase through the column at a much greater philosophy

A

Pump

44
Q

2 types of pump in HPLC

A

Mechanical reciprocating
Pneumatic
Hydraulic amplifier

45
Q

Most widely used pump

A

Mechanical Reciprocating pump

46
Q

For preoperative purposes

A

Pneumatic pump

47
Q

Mose common column in HPLC

A

Silica gel

48
Q

can be used to introduce the sample into the path of the mobile phase that carries it into the column

A

Sample injectors

49
Q

Best and most common sample injector in HPLC

A

Loop injector

50
Q

3 types of detectors in HPLC

A

Spectrophotometers
Photoidiode array
Amperometric/Electrochemical

51
Q

HPLC detector that detects absorbances of visible or UV light

A

Spctrophotometer

52
Q

HPLC detector used for spectral comparisons and compound identification and purity and for drug analysis

A

Photodiode array

53
Q

HPLC detector that measures current produced when the analyte of interest is oxidized or reduced at some fixed potential set between a pair of electrodes

A

Amperometric

54
Q

Used to record detector signal versus the time mobile phase passed through the instrument, starting from the time of sample injection

A

Recorder

55
Q

Graph that the recorder makes is called

A

Chromatogram

56
Q

Based on fragmentation and ionization of molecules using a suitable source of energy

A

Mass Spectrophotometry

57
Q

Basic component of mass spectrometry

A

Sample inlet
Ionization source
Mass analyzer
Ion detector

58
Q

2 types of mass spectrometer

A

Quadrupole
Ion-trap

59
Q

Mass spectrometer with direct electrical current and radio frequency voltages of selected magnitudes are applied to two pairs of metallic rods

A

Quadrupole mass spectrometer

60
Q

Mass spectrometer with 3 electrodes in a ring shaped and 2 end caps produce ions in the cavity until selectively ejected to the ion detector

A

Ion-trap spectrometer

61
Q

Used for greater selectivity and lower detection limit

A

Tandfem Mass Spectrometry

62
Q

TMS Triple quad

Used to scan across a present m/z range and select an ion of interest

A

Q1

63
Q

TMS Triple quad

Functions as a collision cell

A

Q2

64
Q

TMS Triple quad

Serves to analyze the product ions generated in Q2

A

Q3

ClinChem Lec 2ndYR 2ndSem Prelims (1 decks)

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