Chromatographic Separations Flashcards
What is the basis method of distillation?
Differences in volatility of compound
What is the basis of method of extraction?
Differences in solubility in two immisible liquids
What is the basis method of chromatography and electrophoresis
Samples that are multicomponent and complex
What is the definition of chromaotography
Chromatography is the separation method in which components in a mixture to be separated are distributed between two phases
What are two phases of chromatography and what is its definition
Two phases includes stationery phase (the one that stays in place inside the column or solid surface) and mobile phase (the solvent that moves through and carry with it the component mixture.
What are the chromatography system composed of?
Stationery phase, Mobile Phase, and Mixture to be separated
What are the types of chromatography?
Gas chromatography (GC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), thin layer chromatography (TLC) and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC)
What is the principle of chromatography?
Components of a mixture are carried through the stationery phase of a mobile phase. Separation occurs because of differing affinities of components with stationery phase and mobile phase
What are the relationships between retention and stationery phase?
If components are strongly retained by the stationery phase, it moves slowly with the flow of mobile phase. If it is weakly retained by sp, it moves quickly to mobile phase. Differences in mobility causes sample to separate easily
What is a chromatogram and what is its function?
Plotting the function of time and solute concentration through the peaks that were obtained, detectors were placed at the end of the column during elution.
What are the differences between peak positions and peak areas?
Peak position is used to identify components meanwhile peak areas are to determine amounts of each component or analyte
What is elution?
Process in which components are washed through a stationery phase by the movement of a mobile phase
What is ELUENT?
fluid used to eluate a substance (mobile phase)
What is ELUATE?
samples that have been separated/left the column
What is a SOLUTE?
Solid that dissolved in liquid
What is an ANALYTE?
The chemical substance that is determined in an analytical procedure (component)
What is retention time tR
Time for the analyte to pass through the column or the time from sample injection to detection
What happens to compound that are not retained by stationery phase?
It will elutes out of the column at time tM (void time) or dead time also labelled as t0
What is a tM
The time a non-retained compounds spends in the mobile phase or time taken for mobile phase to pass through the column
What is a tM
The time a non-retained compounds spends in the mobile phase or time taken for mobile phase to pass through the column
What is t’R and tS?
Time the compound spends in the stationery phase. t’R is the difference between tR and tM of a compound.