Christina - Quiz USAMZZ

Question 1

When performing a forward blood group, which of the following is added?

Patient red blood cells
Patient plasma
Reagent red blood cells
Patient red blood cells and plasma

Answer 1

Patient red blood cells

Question 2

A genetic variant is classified as a mutation if…

It causes disease
It is common (>1 %) in the population
It changes the function of a protein
It it is inherited

Answer 2

It causes disease

Question 3

In which of the following conditions might you see a low mean corpuscular volume (MCV)?

B12 deficiency
Iron deficiency no
Thalassemia
1 and 2 no
2 and 4
All of the above

Answer 3

The most common cause of low MCV is iron deficiency anemia. Without enough iron in the body, red blood cells cannot make hemoglobin, and this results in a smaller red blood cell size [3, 5]. In a study of 466 patients, the main cause of their low MCV (microcytosis) was iron deficiency

Question 4

Which of the following originate in the bone marrow?

Leukaemia
Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Myeloma

Answer 4

Leukaemia - it is bone cancer affecting WBC which are made in the bone marrow.

Hodgkins and Non-Hodgkin’s starts in lymphatic system. B cells grow abnormally and collect in nodes and reduce immunity as they don’t work.
The difference between them is the type of lymphocyte. No. Hodgkins generally diagnosed later so is worse.

Question 5

Which of the following be transmitted by blood transfusion?

Bacterial infections
Viral infections
Prions
Parasites
Bacteria, viruses and parasites
All of the above

Answer 5

All of the above

Question 6

CFU assays can give an idea of…

1 - Numbers of stem/progenitor cells present
2 - Types of stem/progenitor cells present
3 - 1 and 2
4 - Numbers of mature haemopoietic cells produced

Answer 6

1 and 2

Question 7

What temperature are donated platelets stored at?

4°C
22°C
minus 20°C
Room temperature

Answer 7

22°C

Question 8

Which of the following is not a mandatory test performed on all blood donations?

Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
HIV
Malaria

Answer 8

Malaria

Question 9

Which of the following antibodies against red cell antigens is likely to result in intravascular haemolysis? And why?

Anti-D
Anti-A
Anti-K
Anti-FYA

Answer 9

Anti-A (and anti-A,B) activate complement which ruptures the cell and releases Hb. This happens in the circulation.
This can happen to a patient with ABO incompatible transfusion.

Question 10

MHC genes are highly diverse because…

they have the highest gene mutation rates
they undergo somatic hypermutation
they undergo genetic recombination
they are polygenic and polymorphic

Answer 10

they are polygenic and polymorphic

They can recombine their MHC genes to create new peptide binding specificities. IT IS ONE OF THE MOST POLYMORPHIC GENES.

Question 11

Granulomas in Chronic Granulomatous Disease contain T cells and Macrophages, but the deficiency…

is in T cell activation
is in phagocytosis of bacteria
is in fusion of lysosomes with phagosomes
is in killing of internalised bacteria
is in production of complement

Answer 11

is in killing of internalised bacteria.

What is a granuloma? A granuloma is a tiny cluster of white blood cells and other tissue that can be found in the lungs, head, skin or other parts of the body in some people. Granulomas are not cancerous. They form as a reaction to infections, inflammation, irritants or foreign objects.

Why can’t it kill bacteria?

The granuloma, the hallmark of tuberculous disease, creates an immune microenvironment in which the infection can be controlled. However, it also provides the mycobacterium with a niche in which it can survive, modulating the immune response to ensure its survival without damage over long periods of time.

Question 12

What causes erythroblastosis fetalis?

Somatic hypermutation
Mutations in tumour suppressor genes
Mother-foetus blood-type incompatibility
Graft versus host disease (GVHD)

Answer 12

Mother-foetus blood-type incompatibility

Question 13

Which of the following is the diagnostic indicator of a transition from HIV infection to AIDS

Kaposi’s sarcoma
T cell count below 200 cells per mm3
Pneumocystis infection
Tuberculosis
Malaria

Answer 13

T cell count below 200 cells per mm3 (DIAGNOSTIC INDICATOR!)

Question 14

What recombinatorial process generates receptor diversity in T cells and antibody diversity in B cells?

DVJ recombination
DJV recombination
JDV recombination
VDJ recombination
JVD recombination
VJD recombination

Answer 14

V D J recombination

Question 15

Primary immunodeficiencies (PID) are NOT…

Inherited
A result of polymorphisms
A result of mutation
Polygenic
Induced by infection

Answer 15

Induced by infection

Question 16

Which type of stem cell transplant (SCT) offers the least likelihood of disease relapse?

Allogeneic SCT
Autologous SCT
Syngeneic SCT
Xenogeneic SCT

Answer 16

Allogeneic SCT

Question 17

Which of these statements about the drug PrEP is true?

It contains two compounds of different classes of antiviral drugs nope
It contains two antiviral protease inhibitors nope
It is not endorsed by NICE in England for pre-exposure use Nope
It inhibits virus fusion with cells N
It only works against HIV of one clade nope

Answer 17

It contains two compounds of different classes of antiviral drugs
It contains two antiviral protease inhibitors
It is not endorsed by NICE in England for pre-exposure use
It only works against HIV of one clade

Each one of these answers came up as wrong :( so check the notes from Ruth or Mo…..

Question 18

Which of the following best describes T cell selection in the thymus?

T lymphocytes undergo first positive selection to ensure MHC restriction. Any T cells that bind will be destroyed by apoptosis. T cells then undergo positive selection to ensure tolerance to self antigen. Any T cells that fail to bind will be destroyed by apoptosis.

T lymphocytes undergo first negative selection to ensure MHC restriction. Any T cells that fail to bind will be destroyed by apoptosis. T cells then undergo positive selection to ensure tolerance to self antigen.
Any T cells that bind will be destroyed by apoptosis.

T lymphocytes undergo first positive selection to ensure MHC restriction. Any T cells that fail to bind will be destroyed by apoptosis. T cells then undergo positive selection to ensure tolerance to self antigen. Any T cells that bind will be destroyed by apoptosis.

T lymphocytes undergo first negative selection to ensure MHC restriction. Any T cells that bind will be destroyed by apoptosis. T cells then undergo positive selection to ensure tolerance to self antigen. Any inappropriately binding T cells will be destroyed by apoptosis.

Answer 18

3rd one
T lymphocytes undergo first positive selection to ensure MHC restriction. Any T cells that fail to bind will be destroyed by apoptosis. T cells then undergo positive selection to ensure tolerance to self antigen. Any T cells that bind will be destroyed by apoptosis.

MHC-restricted antigen recognition, or MHC restriction, refers to the fact that a T cell can interact with a self-major histocompatibility complex molecule and a foreign peptide bound to it, but will only respond to the antigen when it is bound to a particular MHC molecule

Question 19

Which of the following is not true about platelets?

Donor lymphocytes in donated tissue attack host tissue

Host lymphocytes attack donated tissue leading to rejection

Answer 19

Donor lymphocytes in donated tissue attack host tissue