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Week 50 > Christie > Flashcards

Christie Flashcards

1
Q

A 42-year-old man has had right flank pain

A

Simple Renal Cyst

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2
Q

Which of the following kidney diseases is at increased risk for development of renal cell carcinoma

A

Acquired (dialysis-associated) cystic kidney disease

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3
Q

Which diseases are due to genetic changes affecting the cilia of renal parenchyma

A

Autosomal Recessive polycistic kidney disease

Autosomal Dominant polycystic kidney disease

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4
Q

What often accompanies the renal diesease shown in this picture?

A

Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis

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5
Q

Pre-renal acute kidney injury constitues what percentage of all acute kidney injury?

A

60-70%

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6
Q

A 17 year old boy is involved in a motor vehicle accident

A

Acute Tubular Injury

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7
Q

The greatest renal enlargement occurs in:

A

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic kidney disease

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8
Q

Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease is typically diagnoses:

A

In childhood

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9
Q

Glomerulonephritis and interstitial nephritis are classified as:

A

intra-renal failure

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10
Q

The usual cause of post-renal failure is:

A

Urinary Obstruction

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11
Q

Polycystic kidney disease genes are involved in formation of

A

Cilia

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12
Q

Patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease also have 4-10 fold increase in the incidence of:

A

Saccular Aneurysms

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13
Q

The most common cause of acute kidney disease is described as:

A

Pre-renal

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14
Q

What can cause post-renal acute kidney disease?

A

Kidney Stone

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15
Q

Glomerulonephritis is classified as:

A

Intra-renal acute kidney injury

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16
Q

Following acute kidney injury, it is advisable to restrict patient intake of:

A

Protein

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17
Q

An autoposy study is performed

A

Hypertension

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18
Q

The structures in the upper end of this illustration are an example of which of the following?

A

End-stage kidneys

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19
Q

In end stage renal disease, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is

A

<5% of normal

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20
Q

True or False: Renal dialysis patients have a worse life expectancy than do renal transplant patients.

A

True

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21
Q

What is the most comon cause of death in dialysis patients?

A

Hyperkalemia

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22
Q

What is not an indication for dialysis?

A

Fluid overload-treatable with diuretics

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23
Q

A 56 year old woman

A

Chronic Glomerulonephritis

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24
Q

Patency for initial shunts implanted for vascular access for dialysis is about ___ after 1 year.

A

25%

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25
Q

Which of the following substances is typically infused in hemodialysis?

A

Heparin

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26
Q

The main advantage of peritoneal dialysis over hemodialysis is that it:

A

allows self-dialysis

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27
Q

Infection is one of the more common complications of:

A

Both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis

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28
Q

Which benign renal tumor is composed of fat, blood vessels, and smooth muscle?

A

Renal angiomyolipoma

29
Q

A child presents with an abdominal mass and hematuria. She most likely has which of the following?

A

Wilms tumor

30
Q

What renal neoplasm is most associated with tuberous sclerosis

A

Renal Angiomyolipoma

31
Q

In adults, which malignant renal cell neoplasm has the best prognosis?

A

Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma

32
Q

Which of the following is not part of the diagnostic triad for renal cell carcinoma?

A

Fever

33
Q

In renal cell carcinoma, which of the statements obout the diagnostic triad is true?

A

The triad is only found in 10% of patients

Hematuria is found in 40-50% of patients

34
Q

What is the most important factor for causing transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder?

A

Cigarette smoking

35
Q

About 75% if all renal cell carcinomas are classified as

A

Clear cell

36
Q

Of the following, in conjuction with the others, which raises the greatest suspicion of bladder cancer?

A

Symptoms of urinary obstruction

37
Q

Which of the following is generally benign?

A

Angiomyolipoma

38
Q

When do renal cell cancers typically occur?

A

over 60 years of age

39
Q

What is the most common site for metastatic renal cell carcinoma?

A

Lung

40
Q

In this image of an H&E stained slide of a renal biopsy

A

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma

41
Q

What is the first line therapy for newly diagnosed, non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma?

A

Radical nephrectomy

42
Q

Which is a long-distance cell-to-cell signaling method?

A

Neuroendocrine

Endocrine

43
Q

Which of the following statements about nuclear receptors are true?

A

Detects short molecules

Has a long biologic half life

44
Q

Which of the following is not a steroid hormone?

A

ACTH

45
Q

Which of the follwoing consist mainly of paraneuronal cells?

A

Pheochromocytoma

Paraganglioma

46
Q

Which one of these structures with endocrine function is only present in pregnant women?

A

placenta

47
Q

In endocrine axis feedback loops, where does primary disease occur?

A

peripheral endocrine gland

48
Q

Which of the class of hormones have receptors that are not located in the plasma membrane?

A

Steroid hormones

iodothyronines

49
Q

What hormone is both stimulated and inhibited by chemicals synthesized in the parvocellular nuclei of the hypothalamus?

A

GH (somatotropin)

50
Q

What hormone is inhibited but not stimulated by chemicals synthesized in the parvocellular nuclei of the hypothalamus?

A

prolactin

51
Q

ADH

A

its secretion is controlled by both osmotic and non-osmotic means

52
Q

Hyperpituitarism is most often caused by

A

an adema arising in the anterior lobe of the pituitary

53
Q

Sheehan syndrome

A

found in postpartum women after a precipitous delivary

54
Q

55 year old woman

A

small cell lung carcinoma

55
Q

Diabetes insipidus

A

patient has polyuria and polydipsia

56
Q

Which of the following is not a mass effect of a pituitary tumor

A

peripheral nerve palsies

57
Q

In hypopituitarism

A

evidence of posterior pituitary damage indicates hypothalamic origin

58
Q

Which of the following typically releases releasing or inhibiting hormones?

A

hypothalamus

59
Q

What is somatostatins main, direct effect on growth?

A

inhibit the release of growth hormone

60
Q

CRH causes release of

A

ACTH

61
Q

which of the follwoing inhibits growth hormone secretion?

A

somatostatin

62
Q

Increased dietary intake or severe restriction of ___ will increase secretion of growth hormone?

A

protein

63
Q

IGF-1 is secreted by the:

A

liver

64
Q

Which two hormones are produced by hypothalamic neurons

A

Oxytocin

ADH

65
Q

Growth hromone deficiency reduces

A

Mandibular size more than maxillary size

66
Q

The usual treatment of choice of growth hormone deficiency secondary to overall hypopituitarism is:

A

surgical rmeoval of the non-functional pitutiary mass

67
Q

Which condition is most common in acromegaly?

A

Osteoarthritis

68
Q

What is the first-line treatment for gigantism or acromegaly?

A

Surgical resection of the tumor

Week 50 (7 decks)

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