Christie

Question 1

A 42-year-old man has had right flank pain

Answer 1

Simple Renal Cyst

Question 2

Which of the following kidney diseases is at increased risk for development of renal cell carcinoma

Answer 2

Acquired (dialysis-associated) cystic kidney disease

Question 3

Which diseases are due to genetic changes affecting the cilia of renal parenchyma

Answer 3

Autosomal Recessive polycistic kidney disease

Autosomal Dominant polycystic kidney disease

Question 4

What often accompanies the renal diesease shown in this picture?

Answer 4

Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis

Question 5

Pre-renal acute kidney injury constitues what percentage of all acute kidney injury?

Answer 5

60-70%

Question 6

A 17 year old boy is involved in a motor vehicle accident

Answer 6

Acute Tubular Injury

Question 7

The greatest renal enlargement occurs in:

Answer 7

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic kidney disease

Question 8

Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease is typically diagnoses:

Answer 8

In childhood

Question 9

Glomerulonephritis and interstitial nephritis are classified as:

Answer 9

intra-renal failure

Question 10

The usual cause of post-renal failure is:

Answer 10

Urinary Obstruction

Question 11

Polycystic kidney disease genes are involved in formation of

Answer 11

Cilia

Question 12

Patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease also have 4-10 fold increase in the incidence of:

Answer 12

Saccular Aneurysms

Question 13

The most common cause of acute kidney disease is described as:

Answer 13

Pre-renal

Question 14

What can cause post-renal acute kidney disease?

Answer 14

Kidney Stone

Question 15

Glomerulonephritis is classified as:

Answer 15

Intra-renal acute kidney injury

Question 16

Following acute kidney injury, it is advisable to restrict patient intake of:

Answer 16

Protein

Question 17

An autoposy study is performed

Answer 17

Hypertension

Question 18

The structures in the upper end of this illustration are an example of which of the following?

Answer 18

End-stage kidneys

Question 19

In end stage renal disease, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is

Answer 19

<5% of normal

Question 20

True or False: Renal dialysis patients have a worse life expectancy than do renal transplant patients.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

What is the most comon cause of death in dialysis patients?

Answer 21

Hyperkalemia

Question 22

What is not an indication for dialysis?

Answer 22

Fluid overload-treatable with diuretics

Question 23

A 56 year old woman

Answer 23

Chronic Glomerulonephritis

Question 24

Patency for initial shunts implanted for vascular access for dialysis is about ___ after 1 year.

Answer 24

25%

Question 25

Which of the following substances is typically infused in hemodialysis?

Answer 25

Heparin

Question 26

The main advantage of peritoneal dialysis over hemodialysis is that it:

Answer 26

allows self-dialysis

Question 27

Infection is one of the more common complications of:

Answer 27

Both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis

Question 28

Which benign renal tumor is composed of fat, blood vessels, and smooth muscle?

Answer 28

Renal angiomyolipoma

Question 29

A child presents with an abdominal mass and hematuria. She most likely has which of the following?

Answer 29

Wilms tumor

Question 30

What renal neoplasm is most associated with tuberous sclerosis

Answer 30

Renal Angiomyolipoma

Question 31

In adults, which malignant renal cell neoplasm has the best prognosis?

Answer 31

Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma

Question 32

Which of the following is not part of the diagnostic triad for renal cell carcinoma?

Answer 32

Fever

Question 33

In renal cell carcinoma, which of the statements obout the diagnostic triad is true?

Answer 33

The triad is only found in 10% of patients Hematuria is found in 40-50% of patients

Question 34

What is the most important factor for causing transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder?

Answer 34

Cigarette smoking

Question 35

About 75% if all renal cell carcinomas are classified as

Answer 35

Clear cell

Question 36

Of the following, in conjuction with the others, which raises the greatest suspicion of bladder cancer?

Answer 36

Symptoms of urinary obstruction

Question 37

Which of the following is generally benign?

Answer 37

Angiomyolipoma

Question 38

When do renal cell cancers typically occur?

Answer 38

over 60 years of age

Question 39

What is the most common site for metastatic renal cell carcinoma?

Answer 39

Lung

Question 40

In this image of an H&E stained slide of a renal biopsy

Answer 40

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Question 41

What is the first line therapy for newly diagnosed, non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma?

Answer 41

Radical nephrectomy

Question 42

Which is a long-distance cell-to-cell signaling method?

Answer 42

Neuroendocrine Endocrine

Question 43

Which of the following statements about nuclear receptors are true?

Answer 43

Detects short molecules Has a long biologic half life

Question 44

Which of the following is not a steroid hormone?

Answer 44

ACTH

Question 45

Which of the follwoing consist mainly of paraneuronal cells?

Answer 45

Pheochromocytoma Paraganglioma

Question 46

Which one of these structures with endocrine function is only present in pregnant women?

Answer 46

placenta

Question 47

In endocrine axis feedback loops, where does primary disease occur?

Answer 47

peripheral endocrine gland

Question 48

Which of the class of hormones have receptors that are not located in the plasma membrane?

Answer 48

Steroid hormones iodothyronines

Question 49

What hormone is both stimulated and inhibited by chemicals synthesized in the parvocellular nuclei of the hypothalamus?

Answer 49

GH (somatotropin)

Question 50

What hormone is inhibited but not stimulated by chemicals synthesized in the parvocellular nuclei of the hypothalamus?

Answer 50

prolactin

Question 51

ADH

Answer 51

its secretion is controlled by both osmotic and non-osmotic means

Question 52

Hyperpituitarism is most often caused by

Answer 52

an adema arising in the anterior lobe of the pituitary

Question 53

Sheehan syndrome

Answer 53

found in postpartum women after a precipitous delivary

Question 54

55 year old woman

Answer 54

small cell lung carcinoma

Question 55

Diabetes insipidus

Answer 55

patient has polyuria and polydipsia

Question 56

Which of the following is not a mass effect of a pituitary tumor

Answer 56

peripheral nerve palsies

Question 57

In hypopituitarism

Answer 57

evidence of posterior pituitary damage indicates hypothalamic origin

Question 58

Which of the following typically releases releasing or inhibiting hormones?

Answer 58

hypothalamus

Question 59

What is somatostatins main, direct effect on growth?

Answer 59

inhibit the release of growth hormone

Question 60

CRH causes release of

Answer 60

ACTH

Question 61

which of the follwoing inhibits growth hormone secretion?

Answer 61

somatostatin

Question 62

Increased dietary intake or severe restriction of ___ will increase secretion of growth hormone?

Answer 62

protein

Question 63

IGF-1 is secreted by the:

Answer 63

liver

Question 64

Which two hormones are produced by hypothalamic neurons

Answer 64

Oxytocin ADH

Question 65

Growth hromone deficiency reduces

Answer 65

Mandibular size more than maxillary size

Question 66

The usual treatment of choice of growth hormone deficiency secondary to overall hypopituitarism is:

Answer 66

surgical rmeoval of the non-functional pitutiary mass

Question 67

Which condition is most common in acromegaly?

Answer 67

Osteoarthritis

Question 68

What is the first-line treatment for gigantism or acromegaly?

Answer 68

Surgical resection of the tumor