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Philosohy & Ethics > Christianity - Beliefs & Teachings > Flashcards

Christianity - Beliefs & Teachings Flashcards

1
Q

Monotheistic

A

The belief that there is only one God

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2
Q

Characteristics of God

A 
Omniscient - all knowing
Omnipotent - all powerful
Immanent - present with people
Benevolent - loving
Eternal - without beginning or end
Transcendent - exists outside of time and space
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3
Q

God as judge

A

Due to his perfect nature and omniscience, he is a fair and righteous judge

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4
Q

God as a perfect example

A

He set rules and provided a perfect example of godly living when he came into the world as Jesus

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5
Q

Holy Trinity

A

The belief in God existing as three persons: God the Father, God the Son, God the Holy Spririt

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6
Q

Beliefs about the holy trinity

A

Each persons is God, and there is only one God
Each person of the Trinity is distinct
All persons of the Trinity are equal, they have a perfect complete relationship

Some denominations see that belief in the Trinity clashes with the belief in monotheism, which goes against the second of the Ten Commandments

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7
Q

Nicene Creed

A

“We believe in one God, the Father, the Almighty…
We believe in one Lord, Jesus Christ, the only Son of God…
We believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life”

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8
Q

Role of God the Father (in creation)

A

Brought order to chaos
Brings all things into existence
Everything in creation demonstrates God’s power and purpose

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9
Q

Creation story

A

Light and darkness -> sky and sea -> dry land and plants-> seasons and sun and moon -> sea creatures and birds -> land animals -> humans

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10
Q

Role of the Holy Spirit (in creation)

A

Present hovering over the waters in Genesis 1
Preparing to bring life into the world in the same way a bird sits over a nest of eggs
In Genesis 2 God breathed life into Adam, through the Holy Spirit

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11
Q

Role of God the Son (in creation)

A

In John 1 he is given the title ‘the Word’
Present before the world was created
Through the Word life is given to all things, and without him there would be no life
The Word becomes flesh when it’s incarnated as Jesus

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12
Q

Role of Humans

A

Made in the image of God
Given authority over the Earth to rule over God’s creations
Told to be ‘fruitful’ meaning they should have children and populate the earth

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13
Q

Role of Adam and Eve

A

Adam - take care of the Garden of Eden

Eve - help Adam

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14
Q

The Fall

A

The end of a perfect relationship with God
Every person born since the Fall is affected by original sin
Many believe that we are born out of a relationship with God and need his salvation to bring them back into a relationship

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15
Q

Original Sin

A

Sin that first entered the world through Adam and Eve’s disobedience

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16
Q

Interpretations of the Genesis creation story

A

Literal (conservative)- believe that God’s Word is infallible so it should be taken as the absolute truth, reject any science

Liberal - take the story as a myth, which is supported by the differences in the style and order of accounts given in Genesis 1 and 2, and scientific evidence

Other - God’s time is not the same as our time, making it possible that the story is both literal and scientifically accurate

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17
Q

Moral evil

A

Suffering caused by the actions of humans

18
Q

Natural evil

A

Suffering created through no direct fault of humans (e.g natural disasters)

19
Q

Humans and sin

A

Moral evil - some see suffering as a natural result of the sinful nature of humans; doesn’t explain why natural evils exist
Test - evil is something humans are responsible for and should be able to deal with
Other - God has a purpose that humans may not fully understand, so suffering has a purpose that isn’t fully understood

20
Q

Problem of evil (inconsistent triad)

A

If God is Omnipotent but evil still exists, then he’s not benevolent
If God is benevolent but evil still exists, then he’s not omnipotent
If evil exists, God is either not omnipotent or benevolent

21
Q

Jesus Christ

A

God incarnate (in human form)
Conception was not natural; conceived by the Holy Spirit and Mary
Referred to as the Messiah (anointed one)
Referred to as a saviour

22
Q

Jesus’ Role

A

Sent to Earth to take the punishment for all human sin and restore the broken relationship between God and humanity
His death was sufficient because he was perfect and not affected by original sin
Believe that Jesus has made it possible to enter heaven after physical death

23
Q

Why is Jesus an example to be followed

A

He spent time with those whom society rejected
Showed his love for God through his actions, not just his word
He was moved by compassion

24
Q

Sacrificial love

A

A love that places God and other people above yourself

Referred to as agape love in the New Testament

25
Q

Jesus’ Teachings

A

Teachings centre around sacrificial love
Practising sacrificial/agape love means that Jesus requires humans to:
Forgive each other, help each other when in need, work to achieve peace

26
Q

God incarnate

A

God in human form; Jesus could perform micro lens because he was still God as he was a human

27
Q

Crucifixion

A

Jesus’ death on the cross

28
Q

Resurrection

A

Jesus’ return from the dead

29
Q

Ascension

A

Jesus’ return to heaven after the resurrection
Some take it literally, others take it symbolically; that the rising up of Jesus represents his success of good over evil

30
Q

View on Incarnation, Crucifixion, Resurrection, Ascension

A

Some conservative Christians take it literally
Others see the ascension as symbolic
Others emphasise one event more than others, e.g some use a crucifix in worship to allow them to focus on the meaning of the death of Jesus
The empty cross in Protestant churches emphasises the idea that the cross was not the end

31
Q

Atonement

A

Something which is done to par for doing something wrong

32
Q

Salvation

A

Being saved from eternity in hell through repentance and Jesus’ death on the cross
Some believe to they are saved by being baptised and belonging to the Church, for others it’s the result of conversion (leaving their former life behind and starting a new life following Jesus)

33
Q

Repentance

A

Saying sorry to God for sin so that they can be forgiven

34
Q

Redemption

A

The process of atoning

35
Q

Soul

A

Believe that humans posses an immortal soul that is distinct from their physical body, which can not be seen
Possessing a soul makes humans unique from all other creatures

36
Q

Hell

A

Eternal separation from God after death
Some believe it is a place of eternal punishment and suffering
Others believe that hell is annihilation
Others believe that hell is a way of expressing an eternal existence without God’s presence and blessing; they see biblical descriptions of hell as being symbolic

37
Q

Annihilation

A

Being completely destroyed in both body and the soul, and ceasing to exist at the point of physical death

38
Q

Heaven

A

Eternal life after death in the presence of God
Those who received salvation on Earth will spend eternity in heaven
Some Christians believe it is not necessarily a place but a state of mind
Believed to be a place where suffering and evil no longer exist

39
Q

Purgatory

A

Roman Catholic belief in a place where people not pure enough to go to heaven are purified before going to heaven

40
Q

Beliefs about Life after Death

A

Christians have faith that the events in the world are part of God’s plan which will have a good outcome

Most look forward to a life after death, but put this at the back of their minds and focus on making life better for others on Earth

They may do this because of Jesus’ teaching in the Parable of the Sheep and the Goats (Matthew 25) that says unless you help others, your salvation may be at risk

41
Q

Augustinian Theory

A

Evil came about through human free will, which God can’t interfere with because he wants us to have free will
He gives us the opportunity of salvation through Jesus Christ

42
Q

Irenaean Theory

A

God allows evil and suffering to exist because through it we learn and develop spiritually

Philosohy & Ethics (4 decks)

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