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religious studies paper 2 > Christianity and the challenge of secularisation > Flashcards

Christianity and the challenge of secularisation Flashcards

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GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route A flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route B flashcards
1
Q

The effect of the Church on civilians in pre-Reformation Europe

A

People’s lives and thinking were strongly controlled by the Church

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2
Q

What did the Reformation encourage?

A

A more individualist approach - religion became more personal and less of something that was imposed by authority

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3
Q

In the eighteenth century, the emphasis on ______, ________, and _________ _______ further encouraged a more individualistic approach to religion

A

reason
evidence
scientific thought

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4
Q

In the nineteenth century, what decreased further the number of those who attended church and who regarded themselves practicing Christians?

A
  • The nineteenth century laws that permitted greater religious freedom
  • The horrors of two World Wars in the twentieth century
  • The challenge to authority experienced in the 1960s
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5
Q

What is the meaning of secular?

A

Mot having any connection with religion: We live in an increasingly secular society - religion has less and less influence on our daily live

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6
Q

What is humanism?

A

The belief that people can lead good lives without holding religious or superstitious beliefs (secular humanism)

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7
Q

Karl Marx view on religion

A

He regarded religion and its views on morality as a social and political tool wielded by those in power to control the masses

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8
Q

What is materialism?

A

A desire for wealth and material possessions with little interest in ethical or spiritual matters

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9
Q

Materialism is now seen at every level of contemporary society. How?

A
  • Those who are wealthy tend to see their continued well-being as dependent on acquiring even greater wealth
  • Those who are poor see the acquisition if money and possessions as the key to happiness
  • Material possessions are seen as more important than spiritual qualities
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10
Q

What does the New Testament say about materialism?

A

“For the love of money is the root of all kinds of evil” (1 Timothy 6:10)

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11
Q

In the time of Jesus, how was wealth regarded?

A

A good thing as it was a sign of Gods approval

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12
Q

Which parable is about materialism?

A

The Parable of the Rich man and Lazarus (also called the parable of Dives and Lazarus)

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13
Q

How does the parable of the Rich man and Lazarus link to materialism?

A

Lazarus is in heaven and the rich man is in hell. This parable demonstrates how an improper attitude toward money will affect your attitude towards God as well as towards others and will have dreadful eternal consequences

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14
Q

Jesus used the parable of the Rich man and Lazarus to…

A

warn of the pitfalls and dangers of living a life driven by greed and a lack of love for others

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15
Q

What is the Bruderhof?

A

An evangelical Christian movement where members live in communities having given up all personal properties

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16
Q

Members of the Bruderhof see materialism as…

A

one of the main reasons for the problems facing the world today

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17
Q

What is the Bruderhof vow?

A

“We pledge to give up all property and to live simply, in complete freedom from all possessions”

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18
Q

Prosperity Gospel/Prosperity Theology

A

A form of evangelical Christianity. It teaches that strong faith and good works will be rewarded by God in terms of material prosperity and physical well-being

19
Q

What is militant atheism?

A

All religion is a bad thing that must be fought against

20
Q

What did Daniel Radcliffe say about militant atheism?

A

“I’m not religious, I’m an atheist, and a militant atheist when religion starts impacting on legislation.”

21
Q

Who is Richard Dawkins

A

An evolutionary biologist

22
Q

Richard Dawkins magnum opus

A

The God Delusion (2006)

23
Q

What does Dawkins critique in The God Delusion? Why?

A

Religious beliefs. He argues that they are based on unfounded faith rather than empirical evidence

24
Q

Dawkins attacks religion in a number of ways. What does he state?

A
  • The God hypothesis (belief in the supernatural) is irrational and contrary to good science
  • Religion is primitive and has spread like a virus (harmful)
  • Teaching children religion is a form of mental abuse that threatens their development
  • People can be morally good without religion
25
Q

Alister McGrath and his defence of Christianity: The Dawkins Delusion - explain

A

He claims that religion and science are “partially overlapping magisteria” as they come at the world from two different but equally valid perspective, which sometimes intertwine and can be mutually enriching

26
Q

What does McGrath accuse Dawkins of doing?

A

He accused him of fundamentalism in his unquestioning acceptance of some atheist views. Dawkins is biased in supporting evidence that agrees with his position - this is a very unscientific approach

27
Q

What is Fresh Expression according to Bishop Steven Croft?

A

“A Fresh Expression is a form of church for our changing culture established primarily for the benefit of people who are not yet members of any church.”

28
Q

When did the Fresh Expressions movement emerge?

A

In the late 1990s in the Church of England and has since spread to various denominations and countries

29
Q

What is the main aim of the Fresh Expressions movement?

A

To reach people who may not be traditionally connected to established churches by creating innovative and culturally relevant expressions of Christian community - tailored to meet the needs and interests of specific communities

30
Q

What does the Fresh Expressions movement emphasise?

A

Adaptability and a willingness to experiment in order to engage with people and share the Christian faith in a fresh and meaningful way

31
Q

What is the House Church movement?

A

A Christian movement where believers gather in homes or non-traditional settings instead of dedicated church buildings - emphasising fellowship and participatory worship

32
Q

What are the origins of the House Church movement?

A

The movement can be traced back to early Christianity when believers met in homes due to persecution or practical reasons

33
Q

Why has the House Church movement experienced a resurgence in modern times?

A

It is an alternative or complementary expression of church life. Advocates value simpler and more organic approaches to worship and discipleship

34
Q

What are some key aspects emphasised in House Churches?

A
  • Mutual edification
  • Shared leadership
  • Fostering a sense of family-like community
35
Q

Liberationist approaches

A

Start by analysing the situation of the poor or oppressed and then use the gospel to challenge the causes of their poverty and oppression

36
Q

What is the preferential option for the poor?

A

A principle rooted in Catholic social teaching about giving marginalised society the justice that is due to them

37
Q

Who was Archbishop Oscar Romero?

A

The former Archbishop of San Salvador

38
Q

What did Archbishop Oscar Romero advocate for?

A

He advocated for the preferential option for the poor through tireless advocacy for the marginalised and oppressed in El Salvador - during a time of political turmoil

39
Q

What were some of the actions Archbishop Oscar Romero took?

A
  • He strongly denounced the leadership and their human rights abuses
  • Called for an end to violence against the poor
  • Demanded structural changes to address poverty and inequality
40
Q

What was the outcome of the commitment Archbishop Oscar Romero had to advocate for the poor?

A

His commitment ultimately cost him his life; he was assassinated in 1980

41
Q

What is the legacy of Archbishop Oscar Romero?

A

To inspire others to advocate for justice and stand in solidarity with the poor

42
Q

What was published in the late 20th century in the UK regarding poverty?

A

In the late 20th century several reports showing high levels of poverty and deprivation were published including “Faith in the City” by the Church of England

43
Q

What happened as a result of “Faith in the City”?

A

The Church of England set up the Church Urban Fund

44
Q

What did the Church Urban Fund do?

A

It gave grants to both secular and religious organisations to tackle the problem of poverty and deprivation

religious studies paper 2 (9 decks)

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