Christianity 2 ABC Flashcards
Outline 3 Christian beliefs about marriage:
Christians believe that marriage was created by God at the beginning of the world They believe that marriage is for a couple to have a lifelong relationship of love. They also believe that marriage is the only acceptable way for Christians to have sexual relationships. God intended from creation that men and women should marry Marriage creates a unity which is physical and emotional The couple are joined together by God Marriage should be monogamous Marriage should be between a man and a woman Marriage is the only acceptable place for a sexual relationship
Outline 3 non-religious beliefs about marriage:
One belief is that marriage can be a way of two people publicly showing their loving commitment to one another Another belief is that marriage does not carry any religious significance Marriage is viewed as a legal contract between consenting adults, providing a framework for rights, responsibilities, and property ownership
Outline 3 legal requirements for marriage in the UK:
Both partners must be over 16 years old Neither partner must be already married to someone else Both partners must enter into the marriage freely
Outline 3 purposes of marriage for Christians:
Marriage serves as a sacred covenant between a man and a woman It provides a framework for companionship, and intimacy, fostering emotional and spiritual unity within the marital union. Marriage offers a context for procreation and the nurturing of children, allowing couples to fulfil their God-given roles as stewards of creation and parents in raising the next generation.
Outline 3 reasons why marriage is important in society:
It structures society into family groups which can form the basis of culture and community It encourages stability It provides a secure environment for bringing up children It provides legal protection for both partners and their children It nurtures feelings of self-esteem and value
Outline 3 Christian beliefs about the sanctity of marriage:
Marriage is a sacred covenant ordained by God, intended to reflect the union between Christ and the Church It is a lifelong commitment between one man and one woman, designed to provide a framework for procreation within the context of a loving and stable family unit. The sanctity of marriage is upheld through fidelity, love, and sacrificial service, reflecting the biblical principles of selflessness and commitment
Outline 3 Christian beliefs about cohabitation:
Cohabitation is often viewed as contrary to Christian teachings on marriage, as it may lack the commitment and permanence emphasised in the biblical model of marital union. Christians may believe that cohabitation undermines the sanctity of marriage and can lead to moral and spiritual compromise, as it may involve sexual relations outside the covenant of marriage. Some Christians advocate for abstinence before marriage and emphasise the importance of purity and fidelity within the context of a lifelong commitment, discouraging cohabitation as a practice inconsistent with biblical values.
Explain 2 reasons why marriage is important in society (SOWA):
Marriage plays a crucial role in structuring society into family units, which form the foundation of culture and community. By establishing stable family structures, marriage fosters social cohesion, cooperation, and interconnectedness, providing a framework for the transmission of values, traditions, and societal norms from one generation to the next. Marriages provide a secure environment for bringing up children. Marriage promotes stability within individuals, families, and society at large. The commitment and mutual support inherent in marital relationships contribute to emotional security, financial stability, and overall well-being for both partners and their children. By fostering stability, marriage enhances social harmony, economic prosperity, and the overall functioning of communities, providing a solid foundation for societal development and progress. Marriage also provides legal security as it provides legal protection for both partners and their children, while also nurturing feelings of self-esteem and value. The British Humanist Association website says: “Happy marriages begin when we marry the ones we love, and they blossom when we love the ones we marry.”
Explain 2 reasons why marriage is important to Christians (SOWA):
For Christians, marriage is a sacred covenant ordained by God, reflecting the divine relationship between Christ and the Church. As outlined in Mark, which says: “The two will become flesh [by] what God has joined together”. Therefore, marriage holds profound spiritual significance for Christians, serving as a visible expression of God’s love and His plan for the couple. Christians believe that marriage provides the ideal environment for procreation and the nurturing of children within the context of a loving and stable family unit. As stated in Genesis, God blessed Adam and Eve and instructed them to “be fruitful and increase in number”, underscoring the importance of marriage in fulfilling God’s commandment to propagate and steward creation. Furthermore, marriage offers a supportive framework for parents to raise children in accordance with Christian values, fostering a sense of belonging within the family and the broader Christian community.
Explain 2 arguments in favour of cohabitation (SOWA):
Cohabitation provides couples with the opportunity to thoroughly understand each other and evaluate their compatibility before committing to marriage. By sharing living space and experiencing day-to-day life together, couples can gain insights into each other’s habits, values, and communication styles, enabling them to make more informed decisions about their future together. This period of cohabitation allows couples to assess their compatibility in various aspects of life, including financial management, household responsibilities, and long-term goals, helping to reduce the risk of entering into a marriage without a clear understanding of each other. Cohabitation offers couples a degree of flexibility in their relationship dynamics, allowing them to navigate the complexities of partnership without the legal constraints associated with marriage. If the relationship encounters challenges or proves incompatible over time, cohabiting couples have the option to separate without the formalities and legal consequences of divorce. Some proponents of cohabitation argue that marriage lacks intrinsic importance, as a couple can establish a loving and committed partnership without undergoing a legal ceremony. By choosing to cohabit, couples can make a personal commitment to each other based on mutual love, respect, and affection, rather than adhering to societal norms or legal obligations. This allows individuals to prioritise the emotional and relational aspects of their partnership, rather than being bound by legal formalities or institutionalised frameworks.
Explain 2 arguments against cohabitation:
Critics of cohabitation argue that it can foster a casual attitude towards relationships, as couples may view living together as a trial period or convenient arrangement without the level of commitment associated with marriage. This mindset can undermine the significance of partnership and diminish the value of long-term commitment, leading to instability and dissatisfaction within the relationship. Cohabitation may hinder effective communication and conflict resolution within the relationship, as couples may find it easier to dissolve the partnership rather than address underlying issues or challenges. The relative ease of breaking up without the legal ramifications of divorce can discourage couples from engaging in open and honest dialogue, problem-solving, and compromise when faced with difficulties or disagreements. Critics of cohabitation argue that children are best brought up in a stable home environment with two married parents. Research suggests that children raised in cohabiting households may experience higher rates of family instability, lower socioeconomic status, and increased risk of negative outcomes compared to those raised in married households. The absence of formal commitment and legal protections in cohabiting relationships may contribute to higher rates of relationship dissolution and instability, potentially disrupting the well-being and development of children.
Explain 2 Christian beliefs about marriage (SOWA):
Christians believe that marriage was ordained by God from the beginning of creation, as outlined in the Genesis account. God’s original design and intention for humanity included the institution of marriage, with the union between a man and a woman intended to reflect God’s divine plan for human relationships and companionship. Therefore, Christians view marriage as a sacred covenant established by God, with its origins rooted in the divine purpose and will of the Creator. “Therefore a man shall leave his father and his mother … and they shall become one flesh.” - Genesis Christians hold the belief that marriage is a sacred and exclusive union between one man and one woman, intended to be lifelong and characterised by love. According to Christian teachings, marriage provides the framework for a couple to experience a deep and intimate bond, encompassing both physical and emotional aspects of unity. As such, Christians regard marriage as the only acceptable context for sexual relationships, emphasising the importance of honouring God’s design for human sexuality within the bounds of marital commitment. “Let marriage be held in honour among all, and let the marriage bed be undefiled, for God will judge the sexually immoral” - Hebrews
Explain 2 divergent Christian responses to cohabitation (SOWA):
Catholics would completely disagree with the idea of cohabitation. This is because they believe two people should be married in order to live with each other as sex outside marriage is completely unacceptable and by cohabiting a couples temptation for sex is always a risk. This is also shown in Mark, which says: “Watch and pray that you may not enter into temptation. The spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak.” On the other hand, the Church of England Christians may say that cohabitation is acceptable. This is because a couple should be able to live with one another without being married if they love each other, as they may be unable to get married due to financial issues.
Explain 2 non-religious beliefs about marriage:
Many non-religious people believe that marriage can be a way of two people showing their loving commitment publicly to one another. For this reason, there is a specific Humanist wedding service, so many Humanist couples may choose to have a legal marriage by a registrar as well as a Humanist celebration. The British Humanist Website says: “Marriage is the alliance of two people” Non-religious people do not believe marriage carries any religious significance. For this reason, most atheists choose a civil ceremony conducted by a registrar in any place licensed for weddings. Many atheists and Humanists value faithfulness within their marriage, but there is no rule about this. The guiding Humanist principle is to do no harm to others, so each Humanist couple will work out what this means for them and how they wish to apply it for their own marriage.
Explain 2 divergent Christian attitudes to the importance of marriage in society:
Some Christians hold a traditionalist view that emphasises the importance of marriage as a foundational institution for societal stability, moral values, and family cohesion. From this perspective, marriage is regarded as a sacred covenant ordained by God, serving as the cornerstone of society’s social fabric and providing the ideal environment for raising children, transmitting values, and fostering spiritual growth. Traditionalists advocate for upholding the sanctity of marriage as a lifelong commitment between one man and one woman. “Let marriage be held in honour among all” - Hebrews. Conversely, some Christians adopt a progressive attitude towards the importance of marriage in society, recognising the evolving nature of human relationships and societal norms. From this perspective, while marriage may still hold significance as a personal and spiritual commitment between individuals, its importance in societal structure and governance may be viewed as less central or necessary. Progressive Christians may advocate for broader definitions of family and partnership, including alternative forms of cohabitation or civil unions and they may prioritise individual autonomy over traditional marital norms.
Explain 2 reasons why the sanctity of marriage is important to Christians (SOWA):
The sanctity of marriage is paramount to Christians as it symbolises the sacred covenant between Christ and the Church. Ephesians underscores this analogy, portraying marriage as a reflection of the profound love and sacrificial commitment between Christ (the bridegroom) and the Church (his bride). From this perspective, upholding the sanctity of marriage honours and magnifies the divine relationship between Christ and believers, emphasising fidelity, selflessness, and enduring love as foundational principles within marital unions. “Therefore what God has joined together, let no one separate.” - Mark Christians uphold the sanctity of marriage as it fosters stable families and communities, providing a nurturing environment for children and promoting societal well-being. Strong marital bonds based on love, commitment, and mutual respect serve as the cornerstone of stable family units, offering emotional support and moral upbringing for children. By prioritising the sanctity of marriage, Christians contribute to the cultivation of healthy families and communities grounded in biblical values.
Explain 2 reasons why Christians get married (SOWA):
Christians get married because, for many Christians, marriage is one of the seven sacraments. It is therefore a sign of grace, instituted by Christ himself, and, through the Church, imparting God’s grace and strength. Christians believe they should take part in the sacraments if at all possible and so they feel they should marry. They also marry because Jesus said that marriage was created by God at the beginning of the world so that a couple can have a lifelong relationship of love. Therefore, marriage holds profound spiritual significance for Christians, serving as a visible expression of God’s love and His plan for the couple. “He who finds a wife finds a good thing and obtains favour from the Lord.” - Proverbs 2.2 - Sexual Relationships:
Outline 3 Christian beliefs/teachings about sexual relationships:
Sex between a married couple is the highest expression of love Sex outside marriage (adultery) is wrong Having sex with multiple partners (promiscuity) is wrong Premarital sex is wrong Sex is a gift from God Sexual relationships should be between a man and woman only
Outline 3 Christian teachings about sex outside marriage:
Sex outside marriage is unfaithful as married partners should be faithful to each other The sex outside marriage is not the highest expression of love as it is not long-term commitment but temporary pleasure Sexual union is meant to be the consummation of a loving relationship, not a precursor to it Sex outside marriage does not uphold the sanctity of marriage Sexual relationships outside of marriage are sinful and the person will get punished
Outline 3 Christian teachings about abstinence:
Abstinence before marriage is encouraged as a way to honour God Abstinence preserves the sanctity of sex for marriage, and upholds the sanctity of marriage Christians believe in the importance of self-control and resisting temptation, choosing to wait until marriage to engage in sexual activity, and so abstinence is one way Abstinence is seen as a means of demonstrating obedience to God’s commandments Abstinence is seen as a way of respecting oneself and one’s future spouse.
Outline 3 Christian teachings about adultery:
Adultery is condemned as a serious sin Adultery breaks the marital covenant and causes harm to families Christians are called to remain faithful to their spouses and avoid all forms of extramarital affairs or infidelity, including adultery The Bible warns of the consequences of adultery, including damage to relationships, loss of trust, and spiritual consequences.
Outline 3 Christian teachings about heterosexuality:
Heterosexuality is the normative expression of sexuality within marriage Heterosexual relationships are viewed as God’s intended design for procreation Heterosexuality may be considered as being sexually moral
Outline 3 Christian teachings about homosexuality:
Many Christian denominations hold that homosexuality is contrary to God’s design for sexuality Some Christians interpret biblical passages as condemning homosexual behavior, viewing it as sinful and “detestable”. Homosexuality may be considered as being sexually immoral
Outline 3 Christian teachings about promiscuity:
Promiscuity is considered sinful and harmful by Christians. The Bible warns against promiscuity, emphasising the importance of sexual purity and self-control. Christians are called to uphold moral standards and avoid behaviours that lead to sexual immorality, including promiscuity.
Outline 3 different Christian views on same sex relationships:
Catholics believe that homosexuality is not a sin, but having homosexual sex is. Many Evangelical Protestants see homosexuality as a sin because the Bible condemns it and the Bible is the word of God. Most liberal Protestants believe that lifelong homosexual relationships are acceptable and homosexuals are welcomed into their churches.
Explain 2 Christian teachings about sexual relationships (SOWA):
Christians believe that sexual relationships are ordained by God for marriage, emphasising fidelity, love, and mutual respect within the marital bond. This teaching underscores the sanctity of marriage as a covenant between one man and one woman, reflecting the divine relationship between Christ and the Church. “Therefore a man shall leave his father and his mother and hold fast to his wife, and they shall become one flesh.” - Genesis Another Christian teaching emphasises the importance of purity and chastity in sexual relationships. Christians are called to honour God with their bodies and abstain from sexual immorality, preserving chastity and abstaining from premarital or extramarital sex, adhering to biblical principles of sexual purity. “Flee from sexual immorality.” - Corinthians
Explain 2 Christian beliefs about sexual relationships (SOWA):
Christians believe that sexual relationships are a gift from God, intended for procreation, marital unity, and the expression of love within the confines of marriage. This belief highlights the sacred nature of sexual intimacy and its role in the marital bond, reflecting God’s design for human sexuality. “Let marriage be held in honour among all” - Hebrews Conversely, Christians also hold the belief that sexual relationships outside of marriage are sinful and contrary to God’s design for human sexuality. Adultery, fornication, and any form of sexual immorality are seen as violations of God’s commandments and undermine the sanctity of marriage. “Evil thoughts … adultery, sexual immorality” - Matthew
Explain 2 Christian teachings about sex outside marriage (SOWA):
Christians believe that sex outside of marriage, particularly adultery, is condemned in Scripture as a serious sin. Adultery violates the marital covenant and causes harm to individuals, families, and communities, disrupting the sacred bond established by God. “You shall not commit adultery.” - Exodus Additionally, Christians teach that sex outside of marriage dishonours God’s design for human sexuality and undermines the sanctity of marriage. Fornication, premarital sex, and any form of sexual immorality are viewed as contrary to God’s commandments and moral teachings. “Let there be no sexual immorality” - Ephesians
Explain 2 Christian teachings about abstinence (SOWA):
Christians advocate for abstinence as a means of honouring God with one’s body and preserving sexual purity before marriage. Abstaining from sexual activity outside of marriage is seen as a way to obey God’s commandments and live according to biblical principles of chastity and self-control. “Flee from sexual immorality.” - Corinthians Moreover, Christians believe that abstinence fosters spiritual growth and strengthens one’s relationship with God. By abstaining from sexual activity, individuals demonstrate obedience to God’s will and prioritise spiritual well-being over worldly desires. “It is God’s will that you should avoid sexual immorality” - Thessalonians
Explain 2 Christian teachings about adultery (SOWA):
Christians teach that adultery is a grave sin that violates the sacred covenant of marriage and undermines the trust and fidelity essential to marital relationships. Adultery not only harms individuals and families but also offends God and His commandments. “You shall not commit adultery.” - Exodus Additionally, Christians emphasise forgiveness and reconciliation for those who have committed adultery but also stress the importance of repentance and restitution. While adultery carries serious consequences, Christians believe in the power of God’s grace to restore broken relationships and heal wounded hearts. “If we confess our sins, he is faithful to forgive us our sins” - John
Explain 2 Christian teachings about heterosexuality (SOWA):
Christians affirm heterosexuality as the biblical norm for sexual relationships, rooted in God’s creation of Adam and Eve as the prototype for marriage. The union between one man and one woman is celebrated as the divine design for procreation, companionship, and mutual support within the marital bond. “Therefore a man shall leave his father and his mother and hold fast to his wife, and they shall become one flesh.” - Genesis 2 Moreover, Christians uphold the sanctity of heterosexual marriage as a reflection of Christ’s relationship with His Church. The complementary nature of male and female in marriage symbolises the unity and diversity found in God’s creation and fosters a holistic understanding of human sexuality.
Explain 2 Christian teachings about homosexuality (SOWA):
Christians generally hold the belief that homosexual behavior is contrary to God’s intended design for human sexuality as outlined in Scripture. While individuals with same-sex attractions are valued and loved, homosexual acts are viewed as sinful and incompatible with God’s moral standards. “Do not have sexual relations with a man as one does with a woman; that is detestable” - Leviticus However, Christians also emphasise compassion, understanding, and support for individuals struggling with same-sex attractions. While affirming the biblical teaching on sexual ethics, Christians are called to extend grace, love, and acceptance to all people, regardless of their sexual orientation. “Bear one another’s burdens, and so fulfil the law of Christ.” - Galatians Goes against God’s intention of creation and “multiplying in number”
Explain 2 Christian teachings about promiscuity (SOWA):
Christians condemn promiscuity as a form of sexual immorality that undermines the sanctity of marriage and dishonours God’s design for human sexuality. Promiscuous behaviour, characterised by casual or indiscriminate sexual encounters, is seen as contrary to biblical principles of chastity, fidelity, and self-control. “Flee from sexual immorality.” - Corinthians Moreover, Christians teach the importance of sexual purity and self-discipline in resisting the temptations of promiscuity. By upholding moral integrity and honouring God with their bodies, individuals can experience the fullness of God’s blessings and cultivate healthy, meaningful relationships based on mutual respect and commitment. They also recognise they will be judged and will face consequences of it. “Let marriage be held in honour … for God will judge the sexually immoral” - Hebrews
Explain 2 divergent Christian attitudes about sexual relationships (SOWA):
Some Christians adhere to a traditionalist perspective that upholds strict moral standards regarding sexual relationships, emphasising abstinence before marriage and monogamous fidelity within marriage. They believe that sexual intimacy should be reserved exclusively for the marital union, following biblical teachings on chastity, purity, and sexual ethics. “Flee from sexual immorality.” - Corinthians Conversely, there are Christians who hold a more progressive stance on sexual relationships, advocating for a broader understanding of human sexuality that embraces diversity and inclusivity. They may emphasise love, mutual consent, and commitment as the primary factors in assessing the morality of sexual relationships, rather than rigid adherence to traditional norms. “Love does no harm to a neighbour. Therefore love is the fulfilment of the law.” - Romans
Explain 2 divergent Christian attitudes about sex outside of marriage (SOWA):
Traditionalist Christians view sex outside of marriage as a violation of God’s moral standards, emphasising the sanctity of the marital bond and the biblical injunctions against sexual immorality. They advocate for abstinence before marriage and condemn premarital or extramarital sexual relations as sinful. “Marriage should be honoured by all, and the marriage bed kept pure, for God will judge the adulterer and all the sexually immoral.” - Hebrews Conversely, some Christians take a more permissive stance on sex outside of marriage, arguing for a more nuanced understanding of human sexuality that prioritises love, mutual consent, and responsible decision-making. They may view sexual relationships outside of marriage as morally acceptable in certain contexts, particularly when characterised by commitment, respect, and mutual care.
Explain 2 divergent Christian attitudes about homosexuality (SOWA):
Some Christians interpret biblical passages as condemning homosexual behavior, viewing it as contrary to God’s design for human relationships. They uphold traditional teachings that affirm heterosexual marriage as the only morally permissible form of sexual union, while regarding homosexual acts as sinful. “You shall not lie with a male as with a woman; it is an abomination.” - Leviticus Conversely, there are Christians who adopt an affirming stance towards LGBTQ+ individuals and relationships, emphasising love, acceptance, and inclusion. They interpret scripture in a more inclusive light, arguing that God’s love extends to all people regardless of sexual orientation, and that committed, loving relationships between consenting adults should be celebrated and affirmed. “You are all one in Christ Jesus.” - Galatians
Explain 2 divergent Christian attitudes about adultery (SOWA):
Traditionalist Christians unequivocally condemn adultery as a grave violation of the marital covenant, rooted in the Ten Commandments’ prohibition against adultery. They emphasise the sanctity of marriage and fidelity within the marital bond, viewing adultery as a betrayal of trust and a sin against God and one’s spouse. “You shall not commit adultery.” - Exodus However, some Christians may adopt a more nuanced approach to adultery, acknowledging the complexities of human relationships and the possibility of forgiveness and reconciliation. While they may still regard adultery as a serious moral failing, they may also emphasise the importance of repentance, grace, and the possibility of redemption for those who have strayed. “If we confess our sins, he is faithful and just to forgive us our sins” - John
Explain 2 divergent Christian attitudes about abstinence (SOWA):
Certain Christian denominations and traditions advocate for abstinence from sexual activity outside of marriage as a moral imperative grounded in biblical teachings on chastity and purity. They view abstinence as a way to honor God’s design for human sexuality, preserve the sanctity of marriage, and avoid the potential consequences of premarital or extramarital sexual relations. “‘It is good for a man not to have sexual relations with a woman.’” - Corinthians However, other Christians may adopt a more pragmatic or permissive approach towards abstinence, recognising that sexual desires are natural and that celibacy may not be feasible or desirable for everyone. While affirming the value of sexual purity and self-discipline, they emphasise the importance of responsible sexual behaviour, informed consent, and healthy relationships, rather than strict adherence to a celibate lifestyle. “For everything created by God is good” – Timothy
Explain 2 divergent Christian attitudes about promiscuity (SOWA):
Traditionalist Christians typically condemn promiscuity as morally wrong, viewing it as a deviation from God’s intended design for sexual relationships. They emphasise the importance of sexual purity, fidelity, and self-restraint, advocating for abstinence outside of marriage and monogamy within marriage. Promiscuity is often seen as destructive to individuals, relationships, and societal values, with an emphasis on upholding traditional moral standards based on biblical teachings. “Flee from sexual immorality.” - Corinthians Conversely, some Christians may adopt a more nuanced or tolerant perspective towards promiscuity, acknowledging the complexities of human sexuality and relationships. While recognising the potential risks and consequences associated with promiscuous behaviour, they emphasise the importance of compassion, understanding, and non-judgmental support for individuals who may struggle with sexual issues. They may advocate for comprehensive sex education, harm reduction strategies, and support services to address the underlying factors contributing to promiscuity, such as social, psychological, and cultural influences.
Explain 2 divergent Christian attitudes about heterosexuality (SOWA):
Traditionalist Christians typically uphold heterosexuality as the normative expression of human sexuality, reflecting God’s original design and purpose for marriage and procreation. They emphasise the biblical teachings on marriage as a union between one man and one woman, viewing heterosexuality as morally upright and in accordance with natural law. This perspective often leads to the rejection or condemnation of non-heterosexual orientations and relationships within Christian communities. “Therefore a man shall leave his father and his mother and hold fast to his wife” - Genesis Conversely, some Christians may adopt a more inclusive or affirming stance towards diverse expressions of human sexuality, including non-heterosexual orientations. They interpret biblical principles through a lens of love, acceptance, and inclusion, affirming the inherent dignity and worth of all individuals regardless of sexual orientation, recognising the context at which the Bible was written. This perspective may lead to the affirmation of committed same-sex relationships, advocacy for LGBTQ+ rights, and the creation of welcoming and inclusive spaces within Christian communities. “You are all one in Christ Jesus.” - Galatians
Explain 2 divergent non-religious attitudes about sexual relationships:
Humanists value the freedom to have a sexual relationship when they want to. Given that Humanists aim to live good lives without being guided by religious beliefs, as long as it does not cause physical or emotional harm to anyone else, they consider sexual relationships as acceptable at all times. Humanists believe that if anyone would be hurt by unfaithfulness or by sexual relationships outside or before marriage, then it is wrong, however if all parties are happy then there are no rules to restrict them.
Explain 2 divergent non-religious attitudes about sex outside of marriage:
Some non-religious individuals view sex outside of marriage as a personal choice that should be based on consent and mutual respect, without being bound by traditional moral or religious frameworks. They may argue that as long as individuals engage in consensual sexual activity and take precautions to prevent harm, such as using protection and practising safe sex, there is no inherent moral wrong in having sex outside of marriage. Conversely, other non-religious individuals may adopt a more cautious approach towards sex outside of marriage, especially concerning the potential consequences such as emotional attachment, unintended pregnancies, or sexually transmitted infections (STIs). They may advocate for responsible sexual behaviour within committed relationships or advocate for comprehensive sex education to empower individuals to make informed decisions about their sexual health and relationships. They may believe sex outside marriage is wrong at all times, because it creates complexities.
Explain 2 divergent non-religious attitudes about homosexuality (SOWA):
Humanists, and the vast majority of atheists and non-religious people, see no problems with same sex sexual relationships. They regard people’s sexuality as their own concern unless it interferes with other people’s human rights. This could be because all the Christian arguments against same sex relationships are based on religious reasons, so if people have no religion then the reasons for disapproving of homosexuality disappear. The British Humanist Association Website says: “‘The Marriage Act recognised the fundamental right of couples to love and marry irrespective of their gender … I am proud of Humanists UK’s involvement in achieving this.” Other non-religious people may be not as supportive with homosexuality because of social reasons or the way they were raised. They may be elderly and were brought up at a time where it was considered to be illegal and wrong.
Explain 2 divergent non-religious attitudes about adultery:
Some non-religious individuals may view adultery as a personal matter between consenting adults, believing that individuals should have autonomy over their relationships and sexual choices. They may argue that as long as there is no deception or coercion involved, adults should be free to engage in consensual sexual activity outside of their committed partnerships. On the other hand, other non-religious individuals may condemn adultery as a breach of trust and integrity within a committed relationship. They may advocate for honesty, communication, and fidelity as essential components of healthy partnerships, emphasising the importance of respecting the emotional well-being and autonomy of one’s partner.
Explain 2 divergent non-religious attitudes about abstinence (SOWA):
Some non-religious individuals may view abstinence as an outdated or repressive concept, associated with religious dogma or moralistic attitudes towards sex. They may argue that abstaining from sexual activity restricts personal freedom and inhibits individual expression, particularly for those exploring their sexuality or forming intimate connections. This perspective may prioritise sexual autonomy and bodily autonomy, advocating for the right to make informed choices about sexual behaviour without external judgement or interference. Conversely, other non-religious individuals may see abstinence as a valid and responsible decision, particularly in certain contexts such as adolescence, education, or health. They may recognise the benefits of delaying sexual activity, including avoiding unintended pregnancies, STIs, or emotional complications. This perspective may promote abstinence as a form of self-care, empowerment, and self-respect, encouraging individuals to prioritise their physical and emotional well-being by abstaining from sexual activity until they feel ready or have established a trusting and committed relationship.
Explain 2 divergent non-religious attitudes about promiscuity (SOWA):
Some non-religious individuals may embrace promiscuity as a valid lifestyle choice, celebrating sexual freedom, exploration, and diversity. They may reject societal norms or moral judgements surrounding promiscuity, viewing it as a natural expression of human desire and agency. This perspective often advocates for sexual empowerment, autonomy, and the right to pursue pleasure and satisfaction without shame or stigma. Alternatively, other non-religious individuals may adopt a more cautious or critical stance towards promiscuity, recognising potential risks such as emotional attachment, vulnerability, or the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). They may advocate for responsible sexual behaviour, informed consent, and prioritising sexual health and well-being in intimate encounters. 2.3 - Families:
Outline 3 Christian beliefs/teachings about families:
Families are ordained by God, serving as the foundational unit of society, fostering love and support among its members They provide a nurturing environment for individuals to grow and develop morally and spiritually, reflecting God’s design for human flourishing and bringing up responsible Christians Within families, there’s an emphasis on mutual respect, support, and the transmission of faith and values from one generation to the next, allowing God’s message to be spread
Outline 3 Christian beliefs/teachings about procreation:
Procreation is viewed as a sacred act ordained by God, where couples are called to participate in the creation of new life as part of God’s design for humanity Christians believe that procreation should occur within the context of marriage, as it provides a stable and loving environment for raising children, allowing them to grow in a nurturing family unit The Bible teaches that children are a gift from God, and parents have a responsibility to produce them as “stewards” because they are commanded to “increase in number”
Outline 3 Christian beliefs/teachings about the security and education of children:
Christians believe that children should be provided with a secure and loving environment within the family, where they are protected, nurtured, and guided in their physical, emotional, and spiritual growth Education is seen as essential in nurturing children’s minds and character, enabling them to develop their God-given potential and contribute positively to society Christians also emphasise the importance of moral and spiritual education, teaching children the values of honesty, kindness, and compassion, as well as imparting religious teachings to help them grow in faith and understanding
Outline 3 Christian beliefs/teachings about children:
Children are considered a blessing from God, and parents are entrusted with the responsibility to raise them in a loving and nurturing environment Christians believe in the importance of teaching children moral values, instilling in them a sense of right and wrong based on biblical principles Children are seen as valuable members of the Christian community, deserving of care, protection, and support from both their families and the wider church
Outline 3 ways by which the Church offers support to children:
Sunday School Youth Groups Outreach in schools
Outline 3 Christian beliefs/teachings about the security of a family:
Family security is rooted in the love and commitment between spouses, who are called to honour and cherish each other in marriage Christians believe in the importance of providing for the needs of their families, both materially and emotionally, ensuring their well-being and stability Family security is also strengthened through faith and trust in God, who is seen as the ultimate source of protection and refuge for families facing challenges
Outline 3 types of family structure:
A nuclear family is a mother, father and children living together as a unit. A second type of family is a single parent family with children living with only one of their parents. A third type of family is same sex parent families which are families headed by two men or two women.
Outline 3 purposes of family for Christians:
Procreation is one of the purposes, to obey God’s command to “be fruitful” A second purpose is to successfully raise and educate Christian children A third purpose is to have a loving family setting which makes Christians happy and grateful
Explain 2 Christian beliefs about family (SOWA):
Christians view family as a sacred institution ordained by God, tracing its roots back to the creation story in Genesis, where marriage is depicted as the foundation of family life. This belief underscores the significance of marriage vows, commitment, and mutual support, forming the bedrock of a stable family unit. Additionally, Christians uphold the idea of family unity as central to their faith, advocating for the nurturing and care of each family member. This involves fostering an environment of love, respect, and communication within the family, guided by biblical principles of compassion and understanding. Through such unity, families can impart moral values and religious teachings, ensuring the spiritual growth and well-being of each member. “Train up a child in the way he should go” - Proverbs
Explain 2 divergent Christian responses to different types of family structure (SOWA):
Catholics would support mainly the nuclear family or extended family. This is because homosexuality is forbidden or condoned, as it is “detestable” and goes against God’s intended creation plan. The Catechism of the Catholic Church says: “homosexual unions are not remotely analogous to God’s plan for family”. Furthermore, they would be against single-parent families because divorce is not allowed, as it disrespects God’s intention for couples to be “one flesh” and “not separate”. However, Protestants would be open to all types of family structure as long as they are beneficial to everyone in the family unit. They believe the main point of a family is to raise children in a good way and have a positive family setting that is God-central, which can be applied to all the family structures. The Church of England website, on the family page, says: “families should be able to offer each member love”, and there is no mention of a particular family structure.
