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Christian Practices Flashcards

1
Q

What the 3 types of communal worship?

A
  • Liturgical
  • Non-liturgical
  • Charismatic
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2
Q

What is liturgical worship?

A

A form of worship where the congregation responds to the person or people leading the service by reading set words.

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3
Q

Example of liturgical worship

A

Pope led millions in the Lord’s prayer on World Youth Day at the Copacabana beach in Brazil

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4
Q

What is non-liturgical worship?

A

A more spontaneous form of worship with little pre-organisation

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5
Q

3 Churches that use liturgical worship

A
  • Roman Catholic
  • Orthodox
  • Church of England
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6
Q

How is colour used in the Church of England and the Catholic Church?

A

The colours used symbolise the different times of the year and parts of Jesus’s life to help Christians remember those times.

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7
Q

When is the colour green used?

A

It is used in ordinary times

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8
Q

When is the colour purple used?

A

During advent and lent

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9
Q

When are the colours white and gold used?

A

During Christmas and Easter

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10
Q

Examples of where non-liturgical worship is used

A
  • Protestant churches
  • Baptist church
  • United Reform church
  • Presbyterian church
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11
Q

What happens in Quaker worship?

A

Christians sit in silence and reflect upon God. People can stand and say something if they wish. Decoration is minimal, there may be some flowers and a Bible text on a table.

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12
Q

One benefit of non-liturgical worship

A

It is always changing, so it does not become repetitive and boring and done without thinking about what the service really means

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13
Q

What often happens during Church ceremonies?

A
  • Sermons / Readings
  • Prayers
  • Rituals
  • Readings
  • Music
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14
Q

What is glossolalia?

A

The gift that Christ gave the apostles in the ascension that granted them the ability to speak in other tongues

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15
Q

Biblical evidence for glossolalia

A

Acts 2:4

“All of them were filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak in other tongues as the Spirit enabled them.”

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16
Q

What is charismatic worship?

A

A form of worship involving lots of dancing, clapping and waving in the hope to be led by the Holy Spirit to receive prophecy, healing and glossolalia

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17
Q

In which Church is charismatic used most often?

A

The Pentecostal Church

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18
Q

What is Pentecost?

A

The festival celebrating the ascension

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19
Q

Give 2 forms of private worship

A
  • Individual worship

- House group worship

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20
Q

Why is individual worship important?

A

It gives you a chance to develop a close relationship with God. It also provides a way for Christians to ask for help to give praise to God.

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21
Q

What might a Christian do during individual worship?

A
  • Bible readings

- Prayers

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22
Q

Biblical evidence that it is important to worship God

A

Romans 8:14

“For those who are led by the Spirit of God are the children of God.”

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23
Q

What is a sacrament?

A

A ritual through which the grace of God can be received

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24
Q

What are the 2 sacraments the Protestant Church and Church of England recognise, and why?

A
  • Eucharist
  • Baptism
    These Churches only accept these 2 because they were brought into existence by Jesus himself
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25
Q

What are the 7 sacraments recognised by the Roman Catholic Church and Orthodox Church?

A
  • Baptism
  • Eucharist
  • Confirmation
  • Reconciliation
  • Marriage
  • Holy Orders (e.g. become a priest)
  • Anointing of the sick
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26
Q

What is the term used by the Baptist Church used to describe the 2 sacraments they accept?

A

Ordinances

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27
Q

What does transubstantiation mean?

A

The belief that the bread and wine offered at Eucharist are actually transformed into the body and blood of Jesus, such that he has a presence during the sacrament

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28
Q

Which Church believes in transubstantiation?

A

Most notably the Roman Catholic Church, but most Churches also share this view

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29
Q

What does consubstantiation mean?

A

The belief that Jesus is spiritually present in the bread and wine offered at Eucharist

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30
Q

Which Church believes in consubstantiation?

A

The Anglican Church

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31
Q

What is the importance of Eucharist?

A

It reminds Christians of the sacrifice Jesus made to achieve salvation. It also portrays that Christians are following the command of Jesus. In addition, it allows people to be better prepared to deal with things in their lives.

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32
Q

What does the sacrament of baptism represent?

A

Admission into the Church, and the cleansing of sin

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33
Q

What is the oil used in baptism called, and what does it represent?

A

Chrism oil

It makes the person too slippery for the devil to be able to grasp

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34
Q

Which denominations typically hold infant baptisms?

A
  • Roman Catholic
  • Orthodox
  • Church of England
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35
Q

Which churches typically do not hold infant baptisms?

A
  • Pentecostal

- Baptist

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36
Q

Why does the baptist church not hold infant baptisms?

A

There is an emphasis placed on it being a concious choice to join the faith

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37
Q

Biblical evidence for Eucharist

A

Matthew 26:26–28
“While they were eating, Jesus took bread, and when he had given thanks, he broke it and gave it to his disciples, saying, “Take and eat; this is my body.”

Then he took a cup, and when he had given thanks, he gave it to them, saying, “Drink from it, all of you. This is my blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins.”

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38
Q

Biblical evidence for adult baptism

A

Matthew 3:16–17
“As soon as Jesus was baptised, he went up out of the water. At that moment heaven was opened, and he saw the Spirit of God descending like a dove and alighting on him. And a voice from heaven said, “This is my Son, whom I love; with him I am well pleased.””

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39
Q

What is prayer?

A

Prayer is a way in which Christians believe they can communicate with god

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40
Q

Which prayer was taught to Christians by Jesus during the sermon on the mount?

A

The Lord’s prayer

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41
Q

Give an example of charismatic worship

A

Slain in the spirit

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42
Q

What are the 6 types of prayer?

A
  • Adoration
  • Confession
  • Thanksgiving
  • Petition
  • Intercession
  • Supplication
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43
Q

What is an adoration prayer?

A

A prayer praising God for his greatness and admitting dependence on him

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44
Q

What is a confession prayer?

A

Confessing a sin to God to seek God’s forgiveness

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45
Q

What is a thanksgiving prayer?

A

A prayer to show gratefulness for God’s provision in their lives

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46
Q

What is a petition prayer?

A

A prayer asking God for something in exchange for something else

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47
Q

What is an intercession prayer?

A

A prayer asking God to help those in need, e.g. the sick or the poor

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48
Q

What is a supplication prayer?

A

A prayer asking for God’s help, either for yourself or for others

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49
Q

What categories does the Lord’s prayer cover

A
  • Confession
  • Thanksgiving
  • Adoration
  • Supplication
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50
Q

What is a grace prayer?

A

A prayer thanking God, usually performed before eating a meal

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51
Q

Biblical evidence of saying grace

A

Acts 27:35

“After he said this, he took some bread and gave thanks to God in front of them all. Then he broke it and began to eat.”

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52
Q

What does ‘praying in the spirit’ mean?

A

When Christians pray in the spirit, they are engaging in a prayer led by the Holy Spirit in a language in which they are able to express their gratitude to God, in a way that a human language cannot portray.

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53
Q

What is Christian meditation?

A

Focusing on God with complete stillness. A Bible passage may also be used during these times.

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54
Q

What is a pilgrimage?

A

A physical journey to a place of religious significance

55
Q

What is the importance of going on a pilgrimage?

A
  • You can focus on God without the other distractions of life
  • You become more aware of your dependence of God as you overcome challenges
  • Spending time in historical religious locations can have a deep spiritual impact
  • Pilgrimage may cause a great sense of awe or a fresh revelation of God
56
Q

What are the 4 key locations of pilgrimage?

A
  • Lourdes
  • Jerusalem
  • Walsingham
  • Rome
57
Q

What happened in 1858 in Lourdes?

A

A 14 year old girl called Bernadette saw many visions of Mary, and a spring appeared that is believed to have healing powers.

58
Q

What is the name of the Church that was built at Lourdes

A

The Basilica of Our Lady of the Rosary

59
Q

Why do many pilgrims choose to visit Lourdes?

A

Over 7,000 healing miracles have occurred there, so terminally ill / people with chronic illnesses often visit to pray for healing.

60
Q

Why do many pilgrims choose to visit Jerusalem?

A

Jesus spent the end of his life here, and also performed many miracles here, allowing the Bible to come to life for pilgrims.

61
Q

Why do many pilgrims choose to visit Jerusalem at Easter?

A

To walk along the Via Dolorosa on Good Friday, which is the path Jesus carried his cross.

62
Q

What is the significance of the Church in Jerusalem?

A

There is a Church in Jerusalem called “the Church of the Holy Sepulchre”, built above Jesus’s tomb. Pilgrims often pour oil on the Stone of Unction, which is the stone on which Jesus’s body was laid.

63
Q

What is the significance of Walsingham?

A

In the 11th century, the lady of the manor had a vision of Mary’s home in Nazareth. The lady was told to recreate this house. She did so, and it became a shrine. A statue of Mary was also created. Some miracles have occurred here.

64
Q

What happens daily in Walsingham?

A

There are Eucharist and evening prayer services for the pilgrims.

65
Q

Biblical evidence that we must go on pilgrimages

A

John 4:20

“Our ancestors worshipped on this mountain, but you Jews claim that the place where we must worship is in Jerusalem”

66
Q

Why is Rome a significant place of pilgrimage?

A

The Vatican City is the headquarters of the RCC and the home of the Pope, who often leads Eucharist services.

67
Q

Which Church is in Rome and what is the significance of it?

A

St Peter’s Church.

It is built above the remains of St Pete.

68
Q

What is the myth about St Peter in Rome?

A

St Peter was fleeing persecution in Rome when he had a vision of Jesus telling him to not flee persecution. St Peter returns to Rome and asks to be crucified upside down, not wanting to have the same death as Jesus.

69
Q

What is advent?

A

Advent is the period leading up to Christmas, starting with the 4th Sunday before.

70
Q

What does ‘advent’ literally mean?

A

The arrival of that which has been awaited. This includes the period for the celebration of Jesus’s birth, and for Parousia.

71
Q

What does advent mark?

A

The start of the liturgical church year in the Roman Catholic and Anglican churches.

72
Q

How is advent celebrated?

A

Churches may have Advent wreaths with 4 candles, each of which will be lit on the 4 Sundays.

73
Q

What does Christmas Day celebrate?

A

The birth of Jesus

74
Q

What do Christmas Day church services include?

A

Carols, hymns, nativity plays and readings from gospels.

75
Q

What do many Orthodox Christians do before Christmas Day?

A

Fast, to help them focus on others instead of themselves, so they spend more time in prayer and caring for the poor, rather than worrying about food.

76
Q

How do Orthodox Christians celebrate Christmas differently?

A
  • They fast before Christmas Day
  • They celebrate Christmas on the 7th of January, when the 3 wise men visited Jesus
  • They attend a special church liturgy on this day
77
Q

Why is Christmas important?

A

It celebrates Jesus’s incarnations which allowed the relationship between God and humanity to be reconciled. It signifies new hope for humanity and hope of eternal life with God after death.

78
Q

Biblical evidence that Christmas is important

A

Matthew 1:21

“She will give birth to a son, and you are to give him the name Jesus, because he will save his people from their sins”

79
Q

What is Holy week?

A

The week leading up to Easter, starting with Palm Sunday

80
Q

What is the significance of Easter?

A

It is a time when Christians can gain a deeper understanding of the suffering, death and resurrection of Jesus.

81
Q

What is lent?

A

A 40 period where Christians fast and give up luxuries leading up to Holy Week, to help recall the Gospel accounts of Jesus spending 40 days fasting in the desert.

82
Q

Who takes part in lent?

A

Many Orthodox Christians and Catholics

83
Q

What is Ash Wednesday?

A

The day that marks the start of lent.

84
Q

How do Churches celebrate Ash Wednesday?

A
  • Eucharist services

- Marking a cross on foreheads with ashes to represent the death and resurrection of Jesus

85
Q

What is Palm Sunday?

A

The start of Holy Week, when Jesus rode into Jerusalem on a donkey, where crowds welcomed him shouting “Hosanna” and waving palm branches

86
Q

How is Palm Sunday often celebrated?

A

Small crosses are given out to remind worshippers of the palms waved, and Jesus’s crucifixion at the end of the week.

87
Q

What is Maundy Thursday?

A

The day on which Jesus had the last supper and established the sacrament of the Eucharist. It is a time for Christians to remember this event.

88
Q

How do Christians celebrate Maundy Thursday?

A
  • Eucharist services

- Washing feet, as Jesus did to the disciples

89
Q

What is Good Friday?

A

The day on which Jesus was crucified. It is the God’s greatest act of mercy to humanity, because he redeemed our sin by sacrificing his own son. Christians are able to consider the depth of God’s love for humans as they reflect on this part of Holy Week.

90
Q

How do Christians celebrate Good Friday?

A

Special services are held to give people the opportunity to reflect on Jesus’s death. They often begin at midday and last for 3 hours, representing Jesus’s time on the cross.

91
Q

How do Roman Catholics celebrate Good Friday?

A

They move around the 14 stations of the cross in the Church and pray at each one.

92
Q

How does the Church of England and RCC celebrate Easter Saturday?

A

A special candle called the Paschal candle is brought out and 5 drops of incense are put on it, each representing the 5 wounds Jesus received on the cross. Each worshipper than lights a small candle from the Paschal candle which they hold during the Eucharist service.

93
Q

What is a rite of passage?

A

A ceremony that marks the transition from one phase of life to another.

94
Q

What are the 4 rites of passage?

A
  • (Infant / Believers’) Baptism
  • Confirmation
  • Marriage
  • Funeral
95
Q

What do parents and God parents promise during an infant baptism?

A

That they will educate the child about the Christian faith until the child is able to accept the Christian faith for themselves.

96
Q

What happens during a Catholic or Church of England infant baptism?

A

Water from the font is poured or sprinkled over the child’s head

97
Q

What happens during an Orthodox Church baptism?

A

The child is submerged under the water in the font. This represents leaving behind a life of sin and entering a new, holy life.

98
Q

Which Church does not carry out infant baptisms, and why?

A

The Baptist Church do not carry out infant baptisms because they believe the sacrament is a symbol of the individual’s free will to become a Christian.

99
Q

What is a confirmation?

A

A sacrament in the Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Church of England and Methodist Church which children go through to confirm their belief in the faith if they have had an infant baptism.

100
Q

How do children prepare for confirmations?

A

They partake in classes run by the church which teach them more about the faith and the service, so that the child is clear about the choice they are making.

101
Q

What also happens during a Catholic confirmation?

A

The bishop will place some chrism oil on the forehead as a symbol of the richness of the Holy Spirit.

102
Q

What is the name for an adult baptism?

A

A believer’s baptism

103
Q

What do Christians wear during a believer’s baptism?

A

White, to symbolise purity and the forgiveness they will receive from God

104
Q

What happens during Catholic and Anglican marriage services?

A
  • The minister explains the purpose of the marriage
  • The minister asks if there is any reason as to why the marriage would be unlawful
  • The couple exchange vows
  • The rings are exchanged
  • There may be a Eucharist service
105
Q

What are the wedding vows?

A 
‘I, (name), take you, (name)
to be my wife/husband,
to have and to hold
from this day forward;
for better, for worse,
for richer, for poorer,
in sickness and in health,
to love and to cherish,
till death us do part,
according to God’s holy law.
In the presence of God I make this vow.’
106
Q

What are the rings a symbol of in a wedding?

A

The eternal commitment the couple have made to each other

107
Q

What happens during an Orthodox wedding service?

A
  • At the brethoral ceremony (engagement ceremony before the marriage), the rings are exchanged. Most rituals are repeated 3 times to represent the trinity.
  • During the wedding, a stefana (silver crown) is held over the heads of the bride and groom to represent the royalty of marriage
  • The couple take 3 sips of wine from a cup to remember when Jesus turned water into wine. It is a symbol of shared life.
108
Q

What is a funeral?

A

A ceremony marking the end of a human life on Earth, celebrating the start of life with God

109
Q

4 common features of funerals

A
  • Bible reading (sermon focusing on the afterlife)
  • Prayers asking God to support them in grief, and to take care of the dead person (most importantly next to the grave)
  • Eulogy - A speech about the person’s life
  • A reminder of Christian eschatological beliefs
110
Q

What happens in a Catholic or Orthodox funeral?

A

A Requiem Mass. In Eastern Orthodox Churched, this can last 3 and a half hours, containing Bible readings, hymns and liturgy

111
Q

How else is the Church involved with the local community?

A
  • Sunday schools
  • Youth clubs
  • Mother and child clubs
  • Minister visiting the sick
112
Q

Biblical evidence of an afterlife

A

John 11:25

“Jesus said to her, ‘I am the resurrection and the life. The one who believes in me will live, even though they die’”

113
Q

Biblical evidence of the unity of marriage

A

Ephesians 5:31

“For this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and the two will become one flesh”

114
Q

What does ‘mission’ mean?

A

The Christian mission is to evangelise and provide reconciliation to society.

115
Q

What does the salvation army exist to do?

A

It has a strong tradition of evangelism. It exists to “save souls, grow saints and serve a suffering humanity”

116
Q

How do many Christians evangelise others in the modern world?

A

Through building relationships with others, who then may seek salvation through Christians.

117
Q

What does evangelism mean?

A

To spread the Christian gospel through preaching?

118
Q

What is the Great Commission?

A

In Matthew 28:19–20, Jesus summoned the disciples and commanded them to go and evangelise
“Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptising them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, and teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you. And surely I am with you always, to the very end of the age”

119
Q

Biblical evidence for proof we must evangelise

A

Mark 16:15

“He said to them, ‘Go into all the world and preach the gospel to all creation’”

120
Q

Biblical evidence we must believe in Jesus to go to heaven

A

John 14:6

“Jesus answered, ‘I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me’”

121
Q

Which movement was popular in the late 1960s?

A

The house church movement - it became popular to pray and study the Bible from your own home with friends.

122
Q

Why was house church popular?

A

It was non-liturgical and not controlled by existing churches’ formal forms of worship

123
Q

What does ‘Ecumenical’ mean?

A

The idea of creating Christian unity to reunite Christians of all denominations.

124
Q

What does ‘Church’ mean?

A

An assembly (to worship)

125
Q

What is the World Council of Churches (WCC)?

A

A group of Churched set up by members of Orthodox and Protestant Churches (including the Church of England). The RCC will not join.

126
Q

What is the purpose of the WCC?

A

To allow all Churches to work together to bring glory to Jesus the saviour.

127
Q

What are the 3 key areas the WCC focuses on?

A
  • To seek visible unity (between churches) in one faith and one eucharistic fellowship
  • To promote common witness (preaching) in work for mission and evangelism
  • To engage in Christian service by meeting human needs, breaking barriers, seeking peace and justice, and upholding the integrity of creation
128
Q

One example of en ecumenical communities?

A

Corrymeela was founded in Northern Ireland to reconcile Protestants and Catholics during the troubles.

129
Q

How many Christians face persecution in the world today?

A

According to Open Doors, 100 million

130
Q

1 country in which Christians are persecutred

A

North Korea

131
Q

1 organisation which fights against the persecution of Christians and what do they do?

A

The Barnabas Fund directs aid to persecuted Christians through Churches, as well as holds petitions and letter writing campaigns to make governments aware of these issues.

132
Q

Biblical evidence that we should not persecute each other

A

Mark 12:31

“The second is this: ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’ There is no commandment greater than these”

133
Q

What is TearFund?

A

TearFund is a Christian organisation that helps poor communities to help themselves through education through Churches. They also send out disaster response teams after natural disasters.

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