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Z RPE P1 > Christian Practices > Flashcards

Christian Practices Flashcards

1
Q

Define worship

A
  • Worship is an expression of adoration and praise for God, which is referred to frequently in the Bible.
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2
Q

Why do Christians worship?

A
  • To praise and thank God
  • To ask for forgiveness
  • To seek God’s help for themselves or others
  • To deepen their relation
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3
Q

Name the different forms of worship

A
  • Liturgical worship
  • Non-liturgical worship
  • Informal worship
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4
Q

Describe Liturgical Worship

A
  • Worship that follows a set structure and established rituals, which is more or less the same every time.
  • For example, a set of pattern prayers or the use of a set book in a service.
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5
Q

What form does liturgical worship take?

A
  • Takes place in a church
  • Priest leads the congregation and may perform symbolic actions
  • Formal prayers with set responses
  • Bible passages are read out and there may be a sermon
  • Music and hymns
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6
Q

Give an example of Liturgical Worship

A
  • The Eucharist, also known as Holy Communion or Mass.
  • It may contain: The Liturgy of the Word, which is readings from the Bible, a public profession of faith and prayers of intercession.
  • It also may contain: the liturgy of the Eucharist: The altar is prepared with bread and wine, the Eucharist prayer and Lord’s prayer is said and people share the bread and wine.
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7
Q

Why is liturgical worship important to Christians?

A
  • Worldwide set order for services, so familiar to everyone
  • Ritual passed down through generations gives a sense of tradition
  • Bible readings follow the Christian calendar and teach Christian history and faith
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8
Q

Describe non-liturgical worship

A
  • Service that does not follow a set text or ritual
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9
Q

What form does non-liturgical worship take?

A
  • Takes place in a church
  • Often focused on Bible readings followed by a sermon
  • May also have prayers and hymns but there is on set order, number and type can change from week to week
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10
Q

Give examples of non-liturgical worship

A
  • services in non-Conformist churches
    e.g. Methodists, Baptist
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11
Q

Why is non liturgical worship important to Christians?

A
  • Services can be planned and ordered to suit a certain theme
  • non-Conformist churches place an emphasis on the word of God in the bible
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12
Q

Describe informal worship

A
  • Does not have a set structure and is more spontaneous in nature.
  • Services in Evangelical denominations are often more formal than traditional worship.
  • This approach emphasises the importance of the Holy Spirit and spontaneous action.
  • Although it is considered modern, it does resemble the type of worship offered by Christians in the first decades of the Church.
  • The ability to worship anywhere where Christians gather is emphasised here, rather than just the church building.
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13
Q

What form does informal worship take?

A
  • Community or houses churches meet in private homes and share food
  • May involve dancing, clapping, calling out, and speaking in tongues
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14
Q

Give examples of informal worship

A
  • Community or house churches
  • Quaker worship
  • Worship of the Pentecostal Church
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15
Q

Why is informal worship important to Christians?

A
  • Style is similar to worship of early Christians
  • People can share readings and prayers and can take an active part in church by calling out or speaking without formal training
  • Service may have an emotional impact with a feeling of personal revelation from God
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16
Q

Describe Private Worship

A
  • Worship that takes place in addition to worshipping in a Church.
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17
Q

Why do Christians perform private worship?

A
  • Christians believe it is important to form a personal relationship with God and worshipping alone is part of this.
  • Traditionally, worship tended to be seen as a formal process that should take place in congregations with other Christians at set times in churches/chapels – known as ‘corporate worship’.
  • However, as society has changed and individuals have more freedom the idea of private worship has gained ground.
  • Many now pray alone with family
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18
Q

Quotes for worship

A

‘Where two or more are gathered in my name, I am there with them.’ (Matthew 18:20)
‘Go to your room, close the door and pray to your father who is in heaven’ (Matthew 6:6)
‘Train a child in the way he should go, and when he is old he will not turn from it.” (Proverbs 22:6)

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19
Q

What does Jesus state about worship?

A
  • Prayer was at the heart of Jesus’ lifestyle and Christians believe it is an essential part of your faith.
  • Jesus states that you should worship God in the spirit and in truth, meaning that your worship should not be superficial, but that you should worship God with all of your thoughts actions and words.
  • Worship involves prayer, which is about developing a special relationship with God.
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20
Q

What are the different types of prayer?

A
  • Adoration – deep love and respect for God
  • Confessional – statement of faith through prayer
  • Contemplation – meditation
  • Penitential – saying sorry
  • Praise – giving praise e.g. singing hymns
  • Thanksgiving – saying thank you * Supplication – asking for something
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21
Q

What is set prayer?

A
  • Prayers that have been written down and said more than once by more than one person
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22
Q

What do set prayer allow Christians to do?

A
  • These prayers allow Christians to learn and repeat prayers that have a significant meaning.
  • They allow it to become collective, so when recited with others their single voices become a communal voice.
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23
Q

Give examples of set prayer

A
  • The Lord’s Prayer, recited in almost every Christian service. Jesus instructed the disciples to pray by using the Lord’s Prayer and many find them useful as they are part of a tradition.
  • Most Protestant denominations use the set prayers in ‘The book of Common Prayer’.
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24
Q

How does the Lord’s Prayer influence Christians?

A
  • Christians see it as a model of good prayer, as it combines praise to God with asking for one’s needs
  • Reminds Christians to forgive others in order to be forgiven, since prayer is only effective if people’s relationships with others are right
  • Reminds Christians that God is the Water of the whole Christian community - create a sense of unity
  • Often used in worship, nearly always said at Holy Communion, baptisms, marriages, and funerals
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25
Q

Describe informal prayers

A
  • These are non-formulaic and spontaneous, which some Christians view to be more spiritually honest.
  • Often uses informal language.
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26
Q

What do Christians believe about informal prayers?

A
  • Some Christians believe prayers in this way are influenced by the Holy Spirit and some reject prayers like the Lord’s Prayer as they believe that by repeating set prayers, the real meaning is lost and people just end up repeating them without thinking about the meaning
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27
Q

How do Quaker’s pray?

A
  • Quakers value the idea of being in God’s presence and sit in silence and stillness in services.
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28
Q

Why do Quaker’s pray in silence?

A
  • They believe this allows them the opportunity to reflect, which helps them become closer to other members of the congregation and to God.
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29
Q

Describe worship in the Pentecostal Church

A
  • In the Pentecostal Church, worship is also informal and Christians feel they are moved by the Holy Spirit, enabling them to speak in tongues sometimes.
  • Movement and participation is required - often music, singing & dancing.
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30
Q

Describe the importance of prayer

A
  • Encourages reflection in the middle of a busy life
  • Enables Christians to talk and listen to God
  • Gives strength in times of trouble
  • Gives a sense of peace
  • Helps Christians to accept God’s will even if it means suffering
  • Helps Christians to keep a close relationship with God
  • Enables Christians to talk and listen to God
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31
Q

Define a sacrament

A
  • Holy rituals through which believers receive a special gift of grace
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32
Q

Give examples of sacraments

A
  • Baptism and Eucharist.
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33
Q

What sacraments do Catholic and Orthodox Christians recognise?

A
  • Seven sacraments: baptism, confirmation, Holy Communion, marriage, Holy Orders, reconciliation, anointing of the sick
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34
Q

What sacraments do Protestants recognise?

A
  • Most Protestants only recognise Baptism and Eucharist, as they were the only two documented in the Gospels as being practiced by Jesus.
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35
Q

What sacraments do Quakers recognise?

A
  • However, Quakers and the Salvation Army don’t believe in these two sacraments, as they believe that sacraments are an inward spiritual experience and that there is no need for external rituals.
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36
Q

What do evangelical churches believe about sacraments?

A
  • Whilst some evangelical Churches carry out rituals like baptism
  • They don’t believe they are sacred so don’t consider them sacraments.
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37
Q

What is baptism?

A
  • Ritual through which a person becomes a member of the church
  • Involves the use of water to symbolise the washing away of sin
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38
Q

Through a baptism a person…

A
  • imitates Jesus’ baptism by John the Baptist
  • becomes a member of the Christian Church
  • becomes a child of God
  • Receives God’s saving grace and the Holy Spirit]
  • is cleansed of sin
  • enters new life with Christ in the Christian community
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39
Q

What denominations perform infant baptism?

A
  • In most Roman Catholic and Church of England Churches, children and infants are baptised.
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40
Q

What happens during infant baptism?

A
  • In infant baptism, parents and godparents make promises to bring them up in the Christian faith.
  • Pours water over baby’s head and says “I baptise you in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit”
  • For denominations that practice infant baptism, children will often have a ‘confirmation’ ceremony in their early teens or as adults when they are able to declare their own faith and remake the original promises made.
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41
Q

Why do Baptists not believe in infant baptism?

A
  • Baptists do not believe in infant baptism as they think that a believer should be able to declare their own faith, and babies are unable to do this.
  • Further, Jesus himself was baptised as an adult.
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42
Q

Why is baptism important?

A
  • It is a rite of entry that allows people to become members of the Christian Church.
  • Many Christians believe original sin is removed through the act of baptism.
  • It follows the personal example of Jesus who was baptised as an adult by John the Baptist.
  • Believer’s baptism gives an individual an opportunity to publically claim their faith.
  • Baptism links us directly with the death and resurrection of Jesus: ‘We were buried with him through baptism into death in order that, just as Christ was raised from the dead, we too may live a new life.’
  • Jesus instructed his disciples to baptise: ‘Go and make disciples of all nations, baptising them in the name of the father, Son and Holy Spirit’.
  • Through baptism, you can enter heaven: ‘No one can enter God’s Kingdom, unless they are born of the water’.
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43
Q

What happens during believers’ baptism?

A
  • The person is fully immersed in a pool which symbolises cleansing from sin and rising to new life in Christ
  • When asked whether they are willing to change their lives, the person gives a brief testimony of their faith in Jesus
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44
Q

What is the Eucharist?

A
  • Eucharist, also known as ‘Mass or Holy Communion’ is a sacrament instituted by Jesus at his Last Supper before his crucifixion, where he shared bread and wine with his disciples
  • Celebrates the sacrifice of Jesus
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45
Q

Why do Christians continue the traditions followed in the Eucharist?

A
  • Christians today continue this tradition, as they believe it brings them closer to God as it is an act of thanksgiving for the life and death of Jesus.
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46
Q

Define transubstantiation in regards to views about the Eucharist

A
  • When Roman Catholics believe that the bread and wine actually become the body and blood of Christ.
  • This means Jesus is full present in the bread and wine
  • This is a divine mystery that helps believers share in the saving sacrifice of Jesus’ death and resurrection
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47
Q

Define consubstantiation in regards to views about the Eucharist

A
  • The Lutherans (Protestant Reformers) concept of ‘sacramental union’
  • That the body and blood of Jesus are somehow present ‘within’ the bread and wine.
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48
Q

Describe Protestants beliefs about the Eucharist

A
  • Many Protestants reject transubstantiation
  • Instead, Presbyterians view that Christ is spiritually present, rather than literally.
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49
Q

State a teaching about the Holy Communion

A
  • “For whenever you eat this bread and drink this cup, you proclaim the Lord’s death until he comes”
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50
Q

What is the impact of the Holy Communion for individuals?

A
  • Christians receive God’s grace by joining in the sacrifice of Jesus
  • Helps to strengthen their faith
  • Become closer to God
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51
Q

What is the impact of the Holy Communion for communities?

A
  • Holy communion brings the community of believers together in unity by sharing the bread and wine
  • Can provide support and encouragement for those going though a difficult time
52
Q

What is the impact of the Holy Communion for wider society?

A
  • Acts as a call to love other sin practical ways
  • Encourages Christians to wok for equality and justice for all
  • Many churches collect money during the service to help support those in need
53
Q

Describe how to the Orthodox celebrates the Holy Communion

A
  • Called the Divine Liturgy
  • Is believed to recreate heaven on earth
  • Much of the service is held at the altar behind the iconostasis using the Royal Doors
54
Q

What happens during the Liturgy of the Word in the Orthodox Church?

A
  • Hymns, prayers and a bible reading
  • Priest comes through the Royal Doors to chant the Gospel
  • There may be sermon
55
Q

What happens during the Liturgy of the Faithful in the Orthodox Church?

A
  • Priest receives wine and bread baked by church members
  • Prayers are offered for the church, the local community and the world
  • Behind the iconostasis, the priest says the the words of Jesus at the Last Supper
  • Most of the bread is consecrated as the body and blood of Christ
  • The priest distributes holy bread and wine on a spoon
  • Prayers of thanksgiving are said
  • Unconsecrated pieces of bread are given toe pole to take home as a sign of belonging to the Christian community
56
Q

What happens during the Liturgy of the Word in Catholic Mass and Anglican Holy Communion?

A
  • Three bible readings, a psalm and a homily
  • Creed is said
  • Prayers are said for the Church, the local community, the world, and the sick and the dead
57
Q

What happens during the Liturgy of the Eucharist in Catholic Mass and Anglican Holy Communion?

A
  • Anglican - people give a sign of peace to each other
  • Offerings of bread and wine are brought to the altar
  • Priest repeats the words of Jesus at the Last Supper over the bread and wine
  • People say Lord’s Prayer
  • Catholic Mass - sign of peace is given at this point
  • People receive bread and wine
  • Priest blesses people and sends them out to the live gospel
58
Q

Describe Baptist beliefs about the Eucharist

A
  • Baptists believe that the ritual is simply an act of remembrance – known as ‘memorialism’.
  • Despite the differences, food and drink are intrinsic to human physical health and survival in the same way that Christians believe this sacrament is important to spiritual health and survival.
59
Q

What happens during the Holy Communion in the United Reformed Church?

A
  • Service begins with a hymn and a prayer of praise and thanksgiving
  • Bible readings and a sermon are given
  • Prayers for the world and needs for particular people are said
  • Minister repeats the words and actions of Jesus at the Last Supper
  • “Open table” so anyone who wishes may receive Holy Communion
  • Sometimes bread is cut beforehand, other times broken and passed around
  • Wine is sometimes non-alcoholic and usually distributed in small cups
  • Ends with prayer of thanksgiving, a blessing, and an encouragement to go out and serve God
60
Q

Define a festival

A
  • A day of period of celebration for religious reasons
61
Q

Why are festivals important to Christians?

A
  • They help them to remember and celebrate the major events in their religion
62
Q

What does Christmas celebrate?

A
  • A celebration of the birth of Jesus – the incarnation.
  • Celebration begins on the 25th December and lasts 12 days, ending with the Epiphany
  • Christians do not believe Jesus was actually born on Christmas day, but mark this day to focus on the incarnation.
63
Q

Describe what happens before Christmas

A
  • Due to its importance, a period of time known as advent was set aside to allow Christians to prepare for Christmas.
  • It begins four Sundays before Christmas and traditionally, many Christians fasted during this time.
  • The Eastern Orthodox Church still practices fasting, though Western Churches do not.
  • Many people have advent calendars to count down the days.
64
Q

How do Christians celebrate Christmas?

A
  • Nativity or crib scenes in schools or churches.
  • Nativity plays in schools and churches.
  • Christingle services in church where children make a Christingle (orange with a candle) to show Jesus as the ‘light of the world’.
  • Carol concerts with Christmas carols.
  • Exchanging cards with a religious image and greeting.
  • Decoration of houses inside and out and mid –night Mass on Christmas Eve.
  • Some also attend Church services on Christmas day, as well as having meals with family and exchanging gifts.
65
Q

How do Christians commemorate Jesus during Christmas?

A
  • Lights - represent Jesus as the light coming into the world of darkness
  • Nativity scenes - show baby Jesus born into poverty
  • Carol services with Bible readings - remind Christians about God’s promise of a saviour and the vents of Jesus’ birth
  • Midnight Mass - reflects the holiness of the nights and the joy Christians feel at Jesus’ birth
  • Give to charity - goodwill because God gave humanity the gift of Jesus
66
Q

Why is Easter the most important festival?

A
  • It remembers the death and resurrection of Jesus.
67
Q

What is lent and what does it remember?

A
  • A period of 40 days leading up to Easter, remembering the time Jesus fasted in the desert praying.
  • The devil tried to tempt him during this experience, but he resisted.
68
Q

What does lent begin with; what happens during this day?

A
  • It begins with Ash Wednesday, where Catholics attend a service where they are marked with black ashes in the shape of a cross on their forehead.
  • Many Christians often give something up for lent to mark the fact Jesus fasted in the desert.
69
Q

What is the day before lent known as; what happens during this day?

A
  • Shrove Tuesday, which was an opportunity to use up the foods Christians would be giving up during lent.
70
Q

What is the Holy Week?

A
  • This is the week that precedes Easter Sunday, when Christians remember the events in Jesus’ life that led to his death.
71
Q

What does Palm Sunday commemorates; what happens during this day?

A
  • Palm Sunday commemorates his arrival in Jerusalem
  • Catholics and Anglicans receive crosses made of palm leaves to remind them of this.
72
Q

What does Maundy Thursday remind Christians of; what happens during this day?

A
  • Maundy Thursday reminds them of Jesus’ last meal with his disciples, where Jesus had bread and wine with them.
  • To remember this, Christians often have Communion services (Mass).
  • As Jesus also washed his disciples’ feet, some Catholic priests will often do this for his congregation.
73
Q

What is remembered on Good Friday; what happens during this day?

A
  • Good Friday remembers Jesus’ death on the cross
  • Mourning services will be held and Catholics fast on this day.
74
Q

What happens on Saturday night the day before Easter Sunday?

A
  • Special service are held to celebrate Christ’s resurrection
  • Orthodox Christians walk with candles in procession, then enter the dark church as if going into Jesus’ empty tomb
  • Priest announces “Christ is risen” people respond “He is risen indeed”
  • Catholics and Anglicans have vigil that begins in darkness before the Paschal candle is lit to symbolise the risen Christ
  • Ends with Holy Communion
75
Q

What does Easter Sunday mark; what happens during this day?

A
  • This marks the day of Jesus’ Resurrection – it is a day of celebration.
  • Christians attend special services and Churches are filled with flowers.
  • Many exchange cards with family and friends, exchange Easter eggs, attend services during Lent, visit cemeteries to leave flowers for the deceased and complete personal readings of the Bible.
  • Eggs symbolise new life
76
Q

Define pilgrimage

A
  • A pilgrimage is a journey to a sacred place, usually an act of religious devotion.
  • It has always been a practice in the Christian religion, where many pilgrims have travelled to the Holy Land to walk in Jesus’ footsteps.
77
Q

Why do Christians go on a pilgrimage?

A
  • Grow closer to god
  • Strengthen faith in God
  • Be forgiven for sin
  • Reflect on one’s life
  • Pray for something special
  • Thank God for a blessing
  • Seek a cure for illness
  • Help other pilgrims who are disabled or ill
  • Experience a holy place
  • Meet others who share the same faith
78
Q

Explain the number of ways a pilgrimage can impact a Christian’s life

A
  • Give them a better understanding of their faith
  • Renew their enthusiasm for living a Christian life
  • Help them see problems in a new light
  • Help them feel cleansed from seen
  • Help them feel more connected to the Christin community
  • Give them a good feeling bout helping other pilgrims who are disabled or ill
79
Q

Describe Iona’s role in pilgrimage & what activities occur there

A
  • Iona is a small island of the West coast of Scotland.
  • Iona’s fame began in 563 AD when Columba, with thirteen followers, landed at the south end of the island, at St Columba’s Bay, to establish a monastery.
  • It has since become a place where saints have lived and where prayers have been answered.
  • Until very recently, the physical journey to Iona was a hard one – rough paths, barren moorland, small boats and uncertain tides.
  • Every Tuesday there is a pilgrimage walk around the island that stops at places of historical and religious significance.
  • It is a pilgrimage for all ages, travelling together, sharing food, jokes, stories, songs, prayers and silence.
  • Time is also spent reading and in reflection.
  • Not for miracles.
80
Q

Describe Lourdes’ origins (Bernadette Soubirous)

A
  • The origins of its sanctity begin with the fourteen-year old girl Bernadette Soubirous who saw apparitions of a white-robed lady 18 times in a small grotto and was instructed to build a chapel in the grotto, which many people would soon come to visit.
  • During her ecstatic trance in the grotto, Bernadette began to dig in the earth until a small puddle of water appeared.
  • Over the next few days the puddle enlarged into a pool and eventually became the sacred spring for which
81
Q

Describe Lourdes’ role in pilgrimage & what activities occur there

A
  • Lourdes is the site of a sighting of Mary in 1858. 4-6 million pilgrims from around the world visit the shrine each year.
  • Initially only a regional pilgrimage destination, as incidents of healing began to be reported, the spring developed an international reputation for having therapeutic powers.
  • Pilgrims visiting Lourdes for its healing qualities bathe in pools of water from Bernadette’s spring.
  • Reports of miracles of our Lady of Lourdes are thoroughly examined and evidence indicates that there are many cases of verifiable healings at the grotto.
  • At the shrine of Sainte Bernadette rosaries made of wood, glass, pewter and crystal are available for sale.
  • Some of these rosaries also contain water from the holy spring.
  • Go there to pray, read bible, reflect, and meditate
  • Can attend services in the abbey church, take part in workshops, and visit the island’s holy or historic sites
82
Q

What is the Church’s mission?

A
  • To make new disciples, not just new believers
  • This means new Christians are also expected to help spread the faith
  • Evangelism should therefore be followed up by training new converts in the way of following Jesus
  • Every Christian has a role in encouraging fellow believers
83
Q

What are the challenges that the Christian Church faces in terms of Church Growth today in US and Europe, what is the result of this?

A
  • Increasingly many religious beliefs and teachings are regarded as either out of date or irrelevant.
  • Many more people now claim to be atheist or agnostic and Christianity is only one of many religious traditions followed by people in Britain.
  • Therefore, the religious landscape is becoming more pluralistic.
  • Attendance at Church places has declined and the celebration of religious festivals have lost their religious significance, such as Christmas and Easter.
  • In January 2016, it was reported that CoE attendance has dropped to its lowest level ever – below one million. However, some Churches, especially evangelical are thriving in Britain in recent years.
84
Q

What are ways in which Christians can spread the faith?

A
  • Praying for others to accept God
  • Advertising and using media
  • Sharing what God has done for them with others
  • Inviting people to Christian meetings and social events
85
Q

What is Fresh Expression, and how are they trying to help Christianity / Church of England spread their faith?

A
  • Fresh Expression is a movement within the CoE, who have tried to change the way churches and congregations meet and worship to attract people to the Church.
  • One example is a café church, where people will meet to talk about their faith and have refreshments.
  • This can take place in a Church building, or workplaces, gyms or the beach.
86
Q

What is Christ for all Nations, and how are they trying to help Christianity / Church of England spread their faith?

A
  • Promote evangelism by holding meetings throughout the world, but particularly in Africa
  • Some of their large open-air rallies held inAfrica have drawn crowd of up to 1.6 million people
  • Claimed that many miracles of healing take place at the meetings
  • Claimed 74 million have filled in decisions cards to follow Christ at their meetings
87
Q

Describe the growth of the church outside of the UK

A
  • Despite the changes in the UK, it is important to recognise that Christianity is a world religion and is growing successfully in other parts of the world, such as Asia, South America and Africa.
  • The Pew Research Centre estimates that by 2050, 4/10 Christians will live in Sub-Saharan Africa.
  • Worldwide around 80,000 people become Christians each day, and over 500 new churches are formed
88
Q

Define church

A
  • Church is a building which is a place of worship,
  • But it is also a word used for the followers of Jesus.
89
Q

Why should Christians help others in the local community?

A
  • Teachings of Jesus show that Christians should show agape love (selfless, unconditional love) to those in need.
  • This is expressed in the Parable of the Sheep and the Goats.
  • “Faith itself is not accompanied by action, is dead”
90
Q

How does the Church as a whole help the local community?

A
  • Supports local projects such as food banks
  • Provides social services such as schooling and medical care
  • Helps those in need
  • Campaigns for justice
91
Q

How do individual churches help the local community?

A
  • Educate people about Christianity
  • Are meeting places for prayer and worship
  • Provide activities for younger people
  • Are places where Christians can socialise and obtain spiritual guidance
92
Q

What is the Trussell Trust and what do they do?

A
  • Runs over 400 food banks in the UK
  • Provides emergency food, help and support to people in crisis in the UK.
  • Non-perishable food is donated by schools, individuals and other organisation.
  • Care professional identify people in crisis and provide a voucher which entitles them to three days of good food.
  • Aim to bring religious and non-religious people together to help end poverty and hunger
93
Q

What is the Oasis Project and what do they do?

A
  • Community hub run by Plymouth Methodist Mission Circuit
  • Provides an Internet cafe, creative courses, a job club, training opportunities, a meeting place, and a food bank
  • Spirit and practical help is given to those in need because of ill health, learning disabilities, domestic violence substance abuse, low income, and housing problems
94
Q

State a teaching to show that Christians think of the Church as the followers of Jesus

A
  • “And God placed all things under his feet and appointed him to be head over everything for the church, which is his body”
95
Q

What are Street Pastors and what do they do?

A
  • Adult volunteers patrol the streets in urban areas to challenge gang culture, drunkenness and act as a reassuring presence.
  • Their aim is not to actively preach but to provide a positive service to their local area & respond to drunkenness, anti-social behaviour and fear of crime
  • Work closely with police and and local councils
  • Listen to people’s problems and advise on where they might get help, discourage anti-social behaviour
96
Q

What are the Parish Nursing Ministries UK and what do they do?

A
  • Supports whole-person healthcare though the local churches
  • Provide churches with registered parish nurses who promote well-being in body, mind and spirit among the local community
  • Help provide early diagnosis of health problems
  • Train and coordinate volunteers to help combat loneliness or provide support during times of crisis
  • Give additional help to NHS
  • Encourage people to exercise and have a good diet
  • Focus on the whole person, including listening to people and praying with them if asked, also direct people to specific services if needed
97
Q

Define Evangelism

A
  • Evangelism is the way in which the gospel is spread.
  • Christians hope by telling others about Jesus’ message, many will be converted to the Christian Faith.
98
Q

Define mission

A
  • A form of evangelism (arguable the best way)
  • It is a mission of the Church to help Christians live out a life of faith, but also to tell Christians the message of salvation to all.
99
Q

What is the Great Commission?

A
  • Jesus gave a Great Commission to his disciples to spread the gospel and make disciples of all nations though baptism
  • The Holy Spirit at Pentecost gave the disciples the gifts and courage needed to carry out the Great Commission
  • All Christians have a duty to spread the gospel and tell others of their faith, but some become missionaries or evangelists
  • The aims of missionary work and evangelism are to persuade people to accept Jesus as their Savoiur, and to extend the Church to all nations
100
Q

State a teaching about the Great Commission

A
  • ‘Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptising them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit..’ (Matthew 28:1-9) This is known as the Great Commission.
101
Q

Describe missionary work and the possible debates about it

A
  • Many regard it as their duty or mission to convert others to Christianity.
  • In the past, missionary work had a clear intention to bring people to the Christian faith, as well as bringing education and support to the poor and disadvantaged.
  • However, today, many would debate the ethics of converting people to Christianity, as in an increasingly pluralist society many think you should be respectful of peoples faiths rather than trying to encourage people to change religion.
102
Q

What is Alpha and what do they do?

A
  • Example of evangelism in Britain
  • Aim to help church members understand the basics of the Christian faith
  • Course is now used as an introduction for those interested in learning about Christianity, by different Christian denominations in Britain and abroad
  • Organisers describe it as “an opportunity to explore the meaning of life” through talks an discussions
  • Courses are held in homes, workplaces, universities, and prisons, as well as churches
103
Q

Why do Christian help those in poverty?

A
  • Jesus taught them it was important
  • Jesus once told a rich man to sell everything and give it to the poor
  • The parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus tells of a rich man who ends up in hell for ignoring a beggar
  • The arable of the Good Samaritan teaches the importance of helping all
  • Jesus helped outcasts such as lepers, tax collectors and sinners
  • “Dear children, let us not love with words or speech but with actions and in truth”
104
Q

What is Tearfund and what do they do?

A
  • Tearfund is a Christian Charity that works through Church groups giving help to the poor in many countries.
  • It currently works in over 50 countries, providing emergency aid when natural disasters occur and carrying out long term projects to support local communities.
  • It raises public awareness of social issues such as poverty and discrimination.
  • It also gives practical help in order to act out the teachings of Jesus to help others and encourages self-help for individuals and communities.
  • In Columbia, they have worked with children and teenagers and set up 30 sports clubs for football training, providing safe places for young people to socialise away from the risk of joining gangs. Further, they offer mentoring to equip them with life skills.
105
Q

What is Christian Aid and what do they do?

A
  • Supports projects to encourage sustainable development
  • Provides emergency relief such as food, water, shelter, and sanitation
  • Campaigns to end poverty alongside organisations such as the Fairtrade Foundation, Trade Justice and Stop Climate Chaos
106
Q

What is CAFOD and what do they do?

A
  • Works with local organisation to train, supply and support communities to work their own way out of poverty
  • Gives short-term aid such as food, water and shelter during conflicts and disasters
  • Lobbies UK government and global organisations for decision that respect the poorest
  • Encourages Catholic schools and parishes to pray, give money, and campaign for justice
107
Q

Why do Christians choose to support charities?

A
  • They try to follow Jesus’ command: ‘Love your neighbour’ and ‘Treat others as you would like to be treated’.
  • They also try to put into action the unconditional or selfish love that Jesus discusses – ‘agape’ love.
  • They also follow religious texts about charity: ‘It is easier for a camel to pass through the eye of a needle, than to enter the kingdom of God’ and ‘Those who have two coats, give one to the man who has none’.
108
Q

Define persecution

A
  • Persecution is ‘persistently cruel treatment, often due to religion or belief’.
109
Q

What might persecution involve?

A
  • In some parts of the world, Christians are treated unjustly in societies where Christianity is at a minority - Terrorist organisations like IS have taken Christians homes from them and violently attacked them.
  • Being forced to pay extra tax
  • Job discrimination
  • Being forbidden to build churches
  • Attacks on Christian homes, churches and families, including murder
110
Q

Where is Christian persecution happening?

A
  • Estimated 80% of all acts of religious discrimination today are aimed at Christians
  • Happens all around the world, but particularly North Korea, Somalia, Iraq and Syria
111
Q

Define a martyr

A
  • Persecution of Christians has always taken place, and many Christians have become known as ‘martyrs’.
  • This is used for someone who has died or is killed for their religious faith.
112
Q

Who in Christianity was a martyr? How does this influence Christians?

A
  • Jesus himself was a martyr and he warned his disciples that they would be persecuted for their faith – they were all martyred.
  • Christians believe that when given a divine commission from Jesus to evangelise, this may be in the face of danger.
113
Q

What are some Christian responses to persecution?

A
  • Positive effect - strengthens their faith and conviction + allows them to share in the suffering of Jesus
  • Believes its important to act against persecution but supporting persecuted Christians wherever possible
  • Encouraged to show love and forgiveness towards their persecutors
114
Q

State some teachings to support Christian responses to persecution

A
  • “Yes, to know the power of his resurrection and participation in his suffering” - shows that one way Christians can get to know Jesus is by sharing his suffering
  • ” If one part suffers every par suffers with it” - refers to Church, helping individuals help the whole church
  • “Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good” - shows Christians should respond to evil with love
115
Q

What is Open Doors and what do they do?

A
  • An evangelical organisation which seek to help persecuted Christians
  • Established in 1955, when Brother Andrew – a Dutch missionary, smuggled Bibles into the Soviet Union.
  • Today, it helps persecuted Christians by distributing Bibles, providing practical support for Christians who have been the victims of disasters, speaking on behalf of persecuted Christians to raise awareness of their situation and to gather support and training Christians and Church leaders to deal with the trauma they may be suffering while maintaining their faith.
116
Q

Name other ways the Church has helped persecuted Christians

A
  • Smuggled Bibles into the USSR o strengthen and give comfort to persecuted Christians
  • Barnabas Fund send money to support people persecuted for their faith
  • Christian Solidarity Worldwide campais for religious freedom for all
117
Q

Define reconciliation

A
  • Reconciliation is the idea that people should make up after an argument and move on.
118
Q

Describe Christians belief about reconciliation with God

A
  • Christians believe humans were reconciled to God through Jesus’ death and resurrection
  • This means Jesus’ death and resurrection helped to restore the relationship between God and humanity which had been broken by sin
  • For Catholics, the sacrament of Reconciliation also helps to restore people’s relationship with God
  • Therefore reconciliation is an important part of the Church’s work - might involve restoring relationships between people. work for peace between different religious group or nations at conflict
119
Q

State a teaching to show that humanity’s relationship with God was restored

A
  • “While we were God’s enemies, we were reconciled to him through the death of his Son”
120
Q

What has the many denominations in Christian church led to; what can we do to stop this?

A
  • Within the Christian church, the many different denominations had led to conflict and tension.
  • However, living in a pluralist society today, many think that it is important to work together as much as possible.
121
Q

Give examples of organisations working for Christian reconciliation in the world today

A
  • The Ecumenical Movement
  • The World Council of Churches
  • Corrymeela Community
  • Irish Churches Peace Project
  • Community of the Cross of Nails
122
Q

How is the Ecumenical Movement working for Christian reconciliation?

A
  • This is an attempt to bring different denominations together and promote unity through the world.
  • It began with the World Missionary Conference at Edinburgh in 1910, and as a result there is more co-operation between different Christian denominations.
  • For example, some Churches now share a common building and joint services.
  • Although different denominations still exist, many believe there is only ‘one’ church.
123
Q

How is the World Council of Churches working for Christian reconciliation?

A
  • This is a world-wide fellowship of churches seeking unity and making connections between denominations.
  • Each year they hold a special prayer week, which brings together different denominations in more than 110 countries.
  • The Catholic Church is not part of WCC, but does take part in some national and local ecumenical organisations.
    ‘Churches together in England’ is a practical attempt to offer ways of achieving greater unity and during the special week of prayer each January, special ecumenical services are organised.
124
Q

How is the Corrymeela Community working for Christian reconciliation?

A
  • Brings together people from different backgrounds, including people of different faiths or political leanings
  • Meet at residential centre in Northern Ireland to build trust and explore ways of moving away from violence
125
Q

How is the Irish Churches Peace Project working for Christian reconciliation?

A
  • Brings Catholics and Protestants together in Northern Ireland
  • Aims to develop peace and understanding between two denominations
126
Q

How is the Community of the Cross Nails working for Christian reconciliation?

A
  • After the bombing of Coventry Cathedral in WWII, Christian showed forgiveness for those responsible
  • Cathedral became a world centre for peace and reconciliation
  • Works with partners in other countries to bring about peace and harmony

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