Christian History Lectures Flashcards
Fought Meccan forces
Persecuted Jews (He beheaded 600-900 Jews)
Returns to Mecca and captures it
Muhammad’s Battles
Sawm - Fasting during Ramadan
Zakat - Giving to the poor
Shahada - Declaration of belief in one true God
Salaah - Five times of daily prayer facing Mecca
Hajj - A pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in their life
What are the 5 pillars of Islam
Frankish leader who defeated the Umayyad Caliphate at the Battle of Tours
Charles Martel
Their conflict was over lay-investiture
Henry excommunicated
Forgiven
Excommunicated
Henry deposes Gregory
Henry IV vs Pope Gregory VII
The emperor no longer has the right to install priests. The kings role is symbolic, but priests and bishops are appointed by the church (The Pope)
The concordant of Worms
War between Seljuk Turks and the Byzantine Empire
Pope Urban II speech
The siege of Antioch
The siege of Jerusalem
Slaughter of the civilians inside
The First Crusade (1095-1099)
The council of Troyes recognizes the knights Templar as a monastic order by request of Hugh Payens
The Knights templar
1) protect pilgrims on the way to the Holy land
2) vows of celibacy and poverty
3) redeem the order of knighthood
4) loyal to the catholic church (Pope)
- Granted a sense of mortal legitimacy to the crusades
What is the Rule of The Knights Templar
Sultan and founder of the Ayyubid Dynasty
Who was Saladin
an attempt to reclaim the Holy Land
The third crusades
King of England, reclaimed territory in the East, did not reclaim Jerusalem, defeated Saladin at the Battle of Jaffa
Ends the crusade
Richard the LionHeart
Theologian who argued that faith precedes understanding and created the Ontological Argument
Anselm of Canterbury
Theologian who argued that understanding precedes faith. He believed that one could arrive at knowledge of the Trinity through reason, without revelation.
Peter Abelard
Pope and theologian who made strong claims of papal authority. He also repelled Atilla the Hun after a meeting
Leo the Great
Last Roman and first medieval philosopher. He sought to demonstrate the harmony of Plato and Aristotle, and he translated Aristotle’s works on logic into Latin before his execution
Boethius
Last Roman in Britian. He defeated the Saxons at the Battle of Badon Hil and is the inspiratikn for the King Aurthur legends
Ambrosius Aurelianus
Founded Monasteries and wrote the most influential monastic rule in the western church
Benedict of Nursia
Eastern Roman emperor who created a unified law code that invoked sacred authority
Justinian
Was crowned Imperator et Augustus by Pope Leo III
Charlemagne
Defeated Guthrum’s Viking army at the Battle of Edington. He bolstered education and created a Christian law code for England.
Alfred the Great
Pope who called for the first crusade
Pope Urban II
Theologian known for his theology of the heart. He argued that man’s righteousness is the grace of God. He also opposed Peter Abelard
Bernard of Clairvaux
The Council of Chalcedon asserted that the Son (Jesus) __________
- is on person, not two
- has two natures (divine and human) not one
After the Fall of Rome _______
Rome fell into the hands of rulers who were heretical and Western Europe experienced significant cultural decay
Who’s approach toward culture was this:
served as a secular politician who fought to preserve roman culture and liberty, while also enriching the Church by writing about the Gospel and refuting heresies
Boethius’s
Who’s approach toward culture was this:
Established a counter-cultural Christian community away from the world that preserved the Christian tradition
Benedict’s
Who’s approach toward culture was this:
Used his empire to protect the Church, and he built monastic schools and helped usher in a cultural renaissance
Charlemagne’s
Who’s approach toward culture was this:
Fought against Pagan invaders, strengthened Christian education, and developed a law code based on biblical principles
Alfred the Great’s
What was the greatest source of tension between the Church and state during the High Middle Ages
The Investiture Controversy (whether kings could appoint bishops)
What happened after the Battle of the Trench
Muhammad slaughtered 600-900 Jews and then launched an invasion on Mecca
How did Muslims gain control over the Middle East, North Africa, and Spain
Through Conquest
Cultural differences (Greek vs. Latin language)
The Lord’s supper (leavened vs. unleavened bread)
The Filioque Controversy (Holy spirit proceeds from BOTH the Father and Son or not)
Disagreement over papal authority
The reasons for the Great Schism
How did the first Crusade end
With the capture and appalling slaughter of Jerusalem
Did King Richard the LionHeart successfully reclaim Jerusalem from Saladin
No
Peter Abelard’s book Sic et Non (Yes and No) emphasized _______
the contradictions within the Catholic tradition
Which Roman emperor was the first to single out Christians for persecution
Nero
What happened to Jerusalem in 70 AD
It was destroyed by the Romans (including the Temple)
During the 2nd Century AD, persecution of Christians was ______
Brutal but not systematic. Christians were persecuted and martyred sporadically
An apologist and martyr who started a school and defended the faith in debates and treatises
Justin the Martyr
The Roman emperor who encourage Pliny to not seek Christians out but to persecute them if they were charged and if they refused to offer incense to the emperor
Trajan
Oversaw the most severe Roman persecution of Christians. He also split the Roman Empire into East and West
Diocletian
Christian Theologian who opposed pagan philosophy
Tertullian
Christian theologian who embraced pagan philosophy as God’s means for preparing the world for the Gospel
Clement of Alexandria
Christian theologian who wrote the City of God in response to the sack of rome
Augustine of Hippo
The Edict of Milan _____
legalized Christianity
The Christian Apologists of the early church defended christianity using philosophical language (T or F)
true
the physical world was bad, an evil demiurge created the physical world, and that we are saved through receiving secret knowledge
Gnosticism
Constantine made christiantuy the official religion of the roman empire (T or F)
false
Arianism was the heresy that ________
the son is a created being
what did early christina historians say happened before the battle of milvian bridge
constantine saw a vision of the cross
the church gained power during constanitines reign (T or F)
true
The council of Nicaea/the nicene creed asserts ________
the son is god and was never created: he has the same substance/being as the father
athanasius wrote the, on the incarnation, a landmark christian text that ____________
condemned arianism and argued that christ must be god to save us
In on the incarnation, athanasius argued that ___________
christ must be God, for he who restored the image of God in us must be himself God’s image
what effect did the sack of rome by the visigoths have on christians throughout the world
christians were shocked and confused that this great christian city would be allowed to fall into decay
The City of God
Founded on divine love;eternal. christians are true citizens of this city
City of Man
Founded on self love;temporal. This city will perish, along with all its citizens
Rome
a worldly city that it part of the city of man, not the city of God
Grace merely assists us in our choices; we are saved through our obedience and humans do not inherit sinful nature from Adam
pelagianism
