Christian Beliefs and Teachings Flashcards

1
Q

Define the term ‘Catholic’.

A

A branch of Christianity, based in Rome and led by the Pope.

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2
Q

Define the term ‘Orthodox’.

A

a branch of Christianity, mainly, but not entirely, practiced in Eastern Europe.

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3
Q

Define the term ‘Protestant’.

A

A branch of Christianity, originally named through their protest against the Catholic Church.

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4
Q

Define the term ‘denomination’.

A

A distinct group within the Christian faith, with its own organisation and traditions.

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5
Q

Define ‘God’.

A

The supreme being.

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6
Q

What type of religion is Christianity?

A

Monotheistic.

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7
Q

Name the first of the Ten Commandments (which tells Christians to be Monotheistic).

A

“You shall have no other Gods before me.”

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8
Q

Define the term ‘omnipotent’.

A

Almighty/ All powerful.

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9
Q

Define the term ‘omniscient’.

A

All knowing.

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10
Q

Define the term ‘omnibenevolent’.

A

All loving.

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11
Q

Define the term ‘justice’.

A

The bringing about of what is right and fair according to the law, or making up for wrong that has been committed.

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12
Q

Give a quote showing God’s omnibenevolence.

A

“God so loved the world that he gave his one and only son”.

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13
Q

Define the term ‘trinity’.

A

The belief that there are three persons in the one God: the Father, the Son, the Holy Spirit - they are separate but also make up one being.

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14
Q

Define the term ‘Holy spirit’.

A

The third ‘person’ of the trinity whom Christians believe is inspiring presence of God in the world.

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15
Q

Define the term ‘Son of God’.

A

A title given to Jesus, the second ‘person’ of the trinity. Denotes the special relationship between Jesus and God - the Father.

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16
Q

What three things does the trinity describe?

A

> There is only one God
Each ‘person’ is fully God
The persons of the trinity are not the same

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17
Q

If all three parts of the trinity are ‘active’ in the world, what does this mean for humans?

A

They may interact with all three persons.

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18
Q

Define the term ‘creation’.

A

The act by which God brought the universe to being.

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19
Q

Define the term ‘the Word’.

A

Term used at the beginning of John’s Gospel to refer to God the Son.

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20
Q

Define the term ‘Genesis’.

A

One verse of the creation of life. The account of how the universe, earth and life were created by God in 7days.

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21
Q

Give a quote showing that the Holy Spirit was active in what had become our world.

A

“And the spirit of God was hovering over the waters.”

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22
Q

Give a quote showing Jesus’ importance in the creation story.

A

“In the beginning there was the Word, and the Word was with God.”

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23
Q

Define the term ‘incarnation’.

A

The becoming of flesh/ taking human form.

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24
Q

Define the term ‘resurrection’.

A

> Rising from the dead
Jesus rising from the dead on Easter Day. An event recorded in all four gospels and the central belief in Christianity.

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25
Q

Define the term ‘blasphemy’.

A

A religious offence which includes claiming to be God.

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26
Q

Why do many question the concept of Virgin Mary?

A

It is not natural.

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27
Q

Why do Christians believe that Mary was a virgin?

A

The gospels of Matthew and Luke explain quite clearly that the mother of Jesus did not conceive Him sexually.

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28
Q

What is a fundamental Christian belief about the incarnation?

A

God showed himself as a human being for around 30years.

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29
Q

Give a quote about the incarnation.

A

“The Word became flesh and made his dwelling among us.”

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30
Q

Give three reasons as to why Christians believe that Jesus is the son of God.

A

> His unnatural conception
His knowledge - of which others did not possess
His resurrection

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31
Q

Give a quote about Jesus revealing himself as the son of God.

A

“Again the high priest asked him ‘Are you the Christ, the Son of the Blessed One?’ ‘I am’, said Jesus.”

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32
Q

Define the term ‘crucifixion’.

A

> Roman method of execution by which criminals were fixed to a cross
The execution method used on Jesus on Good Friday

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33
Q

Even though Jesus was the son of God, what do Christians believe that he was not spared of?

A

The pain and horror of his death.

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34
Q

What did Jesus say before he died?

A

“Father into your hands I commit my spirit.”

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35
Q

Give two impacts of the crucifixion on Christians today.

A

> Gives them confidence that if they accept Jesus’ sacrifice, sin can no longer destroy their lives
Helps them understand that suffering is a part of life

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36
Q

Why do some Christians wear a crucifix?

A

A reminder of Jesus and his sacrifices. More powerful than a simple wooden cross - graphic and emotional.

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37
Q

Define the term ‘ascension’.

A

The event 40days after the resurrection, when Jesus returned to God, the Father, in heaven.

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38
Q

Define the term ‘heaven’.

A

A state of eternal happiness in the presence of God.

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39
Q

Give four reasons for the resurrections importance.

A

> Shows that good always prevails
Christians believe that by accepting Jesus they will also be resurrected in some way - brings comfort
Reassures Christians that God is forgiving
Ascension shows Jesus is with God; provides comfort and guidance

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40
Q

Why is the resurrection specifically important to Christians?

A

Jesus made it possible for all people to have life after death. By overcoming death, Jesus restored hope to humans of eternal life that had been lost through original sin.

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41
Q

Define the term ‘Original Sin’.

A

Something that everyone is born with that urges bad doings and the disobeying of God and his wishes.

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42
Q

Give one way in which Jesus’ final disappearance can be explained.

A

The idea that his followers moved his body to hide it from being dishonoured/ destroyed.

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43
Q

What do many Christians believe about the resurrection?

A

It is a reality.

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44
Q

What are two different beliefs about resurrection?

A

> The soul is resurrected very soon after death

> Some time in the future the soul is resurrected on the Day of Judgement - when Jesus will return

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45
Q

What does the resurrection symbolise?

A

Death is a consequence of sin in the world but may be overcome by the power of God.

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46
Q

What do Catholics believe about resurrection?

A

You receive your old body but will be transformed into a youthful sate.

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47
Q

Define the term ‘afterlife’.

A

What Christians believe follows life on Earth.

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48
Q

Define the term ‘Day of Judgement’.

A

A time when the world will end and every soul will be judged by God and either rewarded or punished.

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49
Q

What do Christians believe that human beings receive as a gift from God?

A

Eternal life.

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50
Q

What do Christians believe about the afterlife?

A

Souls enter a different dimension about which little is known.

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51
Q

Give three things Christians believe are true about the Day of Judgement.

A

> Jesus is the final judge
Your physical body is resurrected
Each person will get their just rewards

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52
Q

Who are the Sheep and Goats?

A

Sheep; good people - sit on Jesus’ right

Goats; people who are evil/ deserve to go to hell

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53
Q

What does the parable of the Sheep and Goats refer to?

A

Whenever a Christian does a good deed for another human it is as if they are doing it for Jesus.

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54
Q

What did Jesus do to the Goats?

A

He condemned them for not acting in a suitable manner towards other beings.

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55
Q

What does the parable of the Sheep and Goats offer Christians?

A

Provides ‘guidelines’ and ‘criteria’ God uses on the day of Judgement and shows what you need to do in order to be saved.

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56
Q

Why is the idea of the afterlife encouraging to Christians?

A

Bible creates horrible images of hell and being apart from God for the rest of eternity - nothing a Christian wishes.

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57
Q

Define the term ‘hell’.

A

The place of eternal suffering and parting from God.

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58
Q

Define the term ‘purgatory’.

A

The intermediate state where souls are cleansed in order to enter heaven.

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59
Q

Define the term ‘Satan’.

A

Name given to the devil - powerful source of evil.

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60
Q

How is heaven described in the Bible/

A

‘beyond the clouds, God is seen sitting on a huge throne’ ‘angels flying around him’ ‘joy, peace and freedom from pain’ (spiritually and physically).

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61
Q

Give two contrasting Christian beliefs about heaven.

A

> Only those who believe in Jesus will be with God in heaven

> heaven is reserved for Christians and others that have pleased God

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62
Q

How is hell described in the Bible?

A

‘the opposite of heaven’ ‘suffering, terror, fire, torture’.

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63
Q

Give one Christian belief about hell.

A

Reserved for those who did not acknowledge God/ follow his teachings.

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64
Q

Define the term ‘sin’.

A

> An action or thought that separates humans from God

> Behaviour which goes against God’s laws and wishes/ against the principles of morality

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65
Q

State one belief about original sin.

A

The souls of humans being ‘stained’ with the wrongdoings committed by the first man and woman in the garden of Eden. Having bodies, senses and desires tainted with sin.

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66
Q

Define the term ‘salvation’.

A

Saving of the soul, deliverance from sin and admission into heaven brought about by Jesus.

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67
Q

Define the term ‘grace’.

A

A quality of God which God shows to humans by providing love and support which they do not need to earn.

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68
Q

What does the story of Adam and Eve show Christians?

A

> Sin should not be committed and the law of the lan should not be broken.
Good deeds can help you re-enter heaven
Bad doings result in consequences

69
Q

Where is salvation made clear in the Bible?

A

The Old Testament.

70
Q

How does a human achieve salvation?

A

By having faith in God and obeying his laws.

71
Q

Define the term ‘atonement’.

A

Restoring the relationship between people and God through the life, death and resurrection of Jesus.

72
Q

Define the term ‘mass’.

A

Ceremony, also known as Eucharist, in which the sacrificial death and resurrection of Jesus is celebrated using bread and wine.

73
Q

Give a quote that refers to atonement.

A

“For the wages of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life in Christ.”

74
Q

Who is the Prodigal Son and the father?

A

Son; us, sinners

Father; God

75
Q

What is the message behind the parable of the Prodigal Son?

A

Everyone can repent, but only through their own accord; they must go back themselves.

76
Q

How is the parable of the Prodigal Son relevant today?

A

It states that people make wrong choices and want redemption; the only difference is the temptations.

77
Q

Define the term ‘worship’.

A

Acts of religious praise, honour or devotion.

78
Q

Define the term ‘liturgical worship’.

A

A church service that follows a set structure or ritual.

79
Q

Define the term ‘non-liturgical worship’.

A

A service that does not follow a set text or ritual.

80
Q

Define the term ‘informal worship’.

A

A type of non-liturgical worship, sometimes ‘spontaneous’ or ‘charismatic’ in nature.

81
Q

Define the term ‘private worship’.

A

When a believer praises or honours God on his or her own.

82
Q

Why do Christians worship?

A

> To how deep devotion, love, thankfulness, reverence and respect for God
Allows them to praise God for his blessings
To seek God’s help/ guidance
Ask for forgiveness

83
Q

Give two advantages and two disadvantages of liturgical worship.

A
Ad; 
> Keeps routine - some peoples preference 
> No confusion
Dis;
> Can become boring/ tedious
> No change
84
Q

Define the term ‘prayer’.

A

Communicating with God, either silently or through words of praise, thanksgiving or confession, or requests for God’s help/ guidance.

85
Q

Define the term ‘set prayers’.

A

Prayers that have been written down and said more than once by more than one person - eg. Lord’s Prayer.

86
Q

Define the term ‘informal prayer’.

A

Prayer that is made up by an individual using his or her own words.

87
Q

Define the term ‘nonconformist’.

A

An english protestant who does not conform to the doctrines or practices of the established Church of England.

88
Q

What is a main factor that Christians believe about prayer?

A

God is always listening but does not always answer in a way that may be wished.

89
Q

How do Orthodox Christians pray?

A

Usually standing.

90
Q

How do nonconformists pray?

A

Often sitting.

91
Q

How do Anglicans pray?

A

May kneel.

92
Q

What do Catholics usually pray with?

A

They may use a rosary.

93
Q

What do some Orthodox Christians use to pray?

A

They may use icons.

94
Q

How may some Christians choose to pray?

A

In a humble position, kneeling down, sometime with hands pressed together.

95
Q

What is the Catholic Grace said before consuming meals?

A

“Bless us O Lord, and these your gifts, which we are about to receive.”

96
Q

What is the importance of prayer?

A

To remind Christians of their faith and give them time to thank God for all that he has done.

97
Q

When Jesus was asked to teach the disciples how to pray, what did he answer with?

A

The Lord’s Prayer.

98
Q

What are some characteristics of the Lord’s Prayer?

A

> It has a pattern and rhyme scheme
Praises God
Brings sense of unity and spiritual purpose to society

99
Q

Give a line of the Lord’s Prayer.

A

“Our Father in heaven, hallowed be thy name, your kingdom come, you will be done.”

100
Q

Define the term ‘sacraments’.

A

Rituals through which if completed, Christians receive God’s grace.

101
Q

Who baptised Jesus?

A

John the Baptist.

102
Q

Where was Jesus baptised?

A

Jordan river.

103
Q

What is significant about Jesus’ baptism?

A

It set an example for his followers to be baptised in order to receive the Holy Spirit and begin a new life in the Christian community.

104
Q

Define the term ‘infant baptism’.

A

When a young child is baptised and promises are made on the adults behalf to guide the child towards Christ and the Church.

105
Q

Define the term ‘believers baptism’.

A

Immersion in water of people old enough to understand the ceremony.

106
Q

Define the term ‘baptism’.

A

Ritual in which people become members of the Church; washes away any/ all sin.

107
Q

How do sacraments help Christians?

A

> Strengthen relationship with God

> Makes God a part of their lives

108
Q

Define the term ‘Holy Communion’.

A

A service of thanksgiving in which the sacrificial death and resurrection of Jesus are celebrated using bread and wine; also called ‘Eucharist’.

109
Q

In what two ways do Christians see Holy Communion?

A

> An act of fellowship with other Christians

> Communion with God

110
Q

How is Holy Communion celebrated?

A

By recalling Jesus’ sacrifice together, they share bread (His body) and wine (His blood), and are therefore brought closer to God.

111
Q

Which branches of Christianity believe that the bread and wine are literally Christ’s body and blood?

A

Anglicans, Catholics and Orthodox Christians.

112
Q

Which branch of Christianity believes that the bread and wine are only symbols of Christs body and blood?

A

Protestants.

113
Q

Give some impacts of Holy Communion on individuals, communities and society.

A

> Method of receiving God’s Grace
Strengthens commitment to faith
Offers support and encouragement

114
Q

Why do some Churches collect money?

A

To support developing countries, the elderly, prisoners and the homeless.

115
Q

Define the term ‘pilgrimage’.

A

A journey by a believer to a holy site for religious reasons; pilgrimage is itself an act of worship and devotion.

116
Q

Give two Christian pilgrimage sites.

A

> Lourdes - Mary appeared

> Iona - veil between spiritual and physical world is thin

117
Q

Give some reasons for pilgrimage.

A
> To grow closer to God
> To express sorrow for sin
> To reflect on life
> To seek cure for illness
> Help other pilgrims
118
Q

Define the term ‘festivals’.

A

A day or period of celebration time for religious reasons.

119
Q

Define the term ‘Christmas’.

A

The day commemorating the incarnation, the birth of Jesus, also, the season of 12days ending with the Epiphany.

120
Q

Define the term ‘Easter’.

A

The religious season celebrating the resurrection of Jesus from the dead. Starting on Easter day and finishing with the feast of Pentecost.

121
Q

What are some things done on Christmas day?

A

> Carol services at Church
Donations to charity
Exchanging of cards and gifts

122
Q

Define the term ‘Church’.

A

> The body of Christ

> Building of Christian worship

123
Q

What has the Church been a major source of?

A

Social service - eg. healthcare and schooling.

124
Q

What does the Church as building provide as?

A

A location where Christians from the local community can meet, worship, pray, obtain spiritual guidance and socialise.

125
Q

In mode Britain, what has the Church become part of?

A

Projects that help the local community, eg. food banks.

126
Q

What does the Trussell Trust do?

A

Based on Christian principles, TT aim to bring people together and work toward ending poverty and hunger in Britain.

127
Q

What is the biblical interpretation of the Church?

A

The followers of Jesus who have a Christian duty to show love to the community and support the needy.

128
Q

Give an example of non-religious aid that the Church offers.

A

The Oasis Project.

129
Q

Define the term ‘agape’.

A

A word used in the Bible that describes selfness, sacrificial and unconditional love.

130
Q

How should the Church respond to the needs of the local community?

A

Practically.

131
Q

What do Street Pastors aim to do?

A

Help and care for vulnerable people in practical ways, working closely with councils and the police.

132
Q

Give a quote from the Bible to describe the importance of good deeds.

A

“Faith by itself, if not accompanied by action, is dead.”

133
Q

Define the term ‘mission’.

A

The vocation or calling of a religious organisation or individual to go out into the world and spread the faith.

134
Q

Define the term ‘the Great Commission’.

A

Jesus’ instruction to his followers that they should spread his teachings to all the nations of the world.

135
Q

Define the term ‘missionary’.

A

A person sent on a religious mission, especially to promote Christianity in a foreign country through preaching or charitable work.

136
Q

Define the term ‘evangelism’.

A

Spreading the Christian gospel by public preaching or personal witness.

137
Q

What does the Church believe is their mission?

A

To spread good news to non-believers that Jesus Christ is the Son of God and came into the world to be its saviour.

138
Q

Which gospel ends with the Great Commission?

A

Matthew.

139
Q

What gave the early disciples the gifts necessary to carry out the Great Commission at Pentecost, 10days after Jesus ascended into heaven?

A

The Holy Spirit.

140
Q

According to the Great Commission, what is a Christians responsibility?

A

To tell others of their faith.

141
Q

How may Christians fulfil their ‘responsibility’?

A

Through meetings in everyday life, organised events or preachings.

142
Q

What fraction of the population goes to a Church?

A

1/3

143
Q

How much has the Church grown since 1910?

A

From 291 million to 1.1 billion.

144
Q

In 1900 there were no protestant Churches in which country?

A

South Korea.

145
Q

How many Churches are there in Seoul today?

A

7000.

146
Q

Define the term ‘convert’.

A

Someone who has decided to become committed to a religion and change his or her religious faith.

147
Q

Who was Christ for all Nations started by?

A

Reinhard Bonnke.

148
Q

What does Christ for all Nations do?

A

Spread the Christian faith through evangelism and give hope to many vulnerable people.

149
Q

What does a discipleship involve?

A
> Bring faith to people
> Encourage fellow believers
> Share testimonies
> Arrange social events
> Invite people to Christian meetings
150
Q

Define the term ‘reconciliation’.

A

A sacrament in the Catholic Church; also the restoring of harmony after a breakdown of a relationship.

151
Q

Define the term ‘persecution’.

A

Hostility and ill-treatment especially because of race, political or religious beliefs.

152
Q

What is the primary mission of the Worldwide Church?

A

To proclaim that Jesus came so that the relationship between God and people could be restored.

153
Q

What do Christians argue caused the breaking of the relationship between the human race and God?

A

Sin.

154
Q

What is one of the seven sacraments in the Catholic Church?

A

The sacrament of Penance and Reconciliation.

155
Q

Despite the work of Christians to bring reconciliation and peace, what does the International society for Human Rights claim?

A

That 80% of religious discrimination is directed at Christians.

156
Q

What percentage of the world is reported to have Christians discriminated against?

A

75%.

157
Q

What do some persecutions against Christians include?

A

Forcing them to pay extra tax and ban from owning good homes.

158
Q

Where are the most serious persecutions against Christians reported to take place?

A

North Korea, Syria and Iraq.

159
Q

What did Pastor Baber George do?

A

He set up projects to assist the poor and uneducated.

160
Q

What does the Barnabas Fund do?

A

Offers financial support that help Christians suffering from discrimination, oppression and persecution.

161
Q

What is the Christian Solidarity Worldwide?

A

A human rights organisation.

162
Q

What does the Christian Solidarity Worldwide do?

A

Campaigns for religious freedom for all and attempts to influence governments whose policies or actions affect the oppression.

163
Q

What parable do Churches follow?

A

The parable of the Rich man and Lazarus.

164
Q

What is the parable of the Rich man and Lazarus?

A

The tale in which a rich man ends up in hell having ignored the plight of a beggar.

165
Q

What does the parable of the Good Samaritan teach?

A

To care for all people.

166
Q

Give three examples of Christian charities.

A

Cafod, Christian aid and Tearfund.

167
Q

What are some characteristics of liturgical worship?

A

> People receive forgiveness from God through the action of the Priest
Bible readings which follow the Christian calendar

168
Q

What are some characteristics of non-liturgical worship?

A

> Style follows some early Christians

> Christians can share personal interpretations of the Bible

169
Q

How is God thought to exist?

A

Without restrictions of gender, showing both traditional ideas of male characteristics (eg. power and strength) together with traditional ideas of female characteristics (eg. care and love).