Chqpter 13

Question 1

Define solubility

Answer 1

Solute dissolved in saturated solution

Question 2

Saturated solution

Answer 2

Has max amount of solute

Question 3

Define unsaturated solution

Answer 3

Less solute than saturated solution

Question 4

Supersaturated solution

Answer 4

More solute than saturated

Question 5

Define ion-dipole force

Answer 5

Ion attracted to partial charge on polar molecule

Question 6

Dipole-Induced Dipole force

Answer 6

Partial charge on polar molecule give temporary partial charge to non polar neighbor

Question 7

Ion-Induced Dipole

Answer 7

Ion charge give temporary partial charge to non polar neighbor

Question 8

Molarity Equation

Answer 8

M= (moles of solute) / (Liters of solution) = mol/L

Question 9

Molality Equation

Answer 9

m=(moles of solute) / (kg of solvent) = mol/kg

Question 10

Henry’s law

Answer 10

C=kP
C=concentration
K=moles/L
P= atm

Question 11

Raoults Law

Answer 11

Pa=(Xa)(P°a)
Pa= vapor pressure above solution
Xa= mole fraction in solution
P°a= vapor pressure of pure solvent

Question 12

Define Colligative Properties

Answer 12

•Physical properties that depend on solute particles NOT IDENTITY
(Ex: boil/freeze point, osmotic pressure)

Question 13

VANT HOFF FACTOR

Answer 13

• equation for colligative properties
• non-electrolytic: i=1
• electrolytic: i= # of ions solute dissociates into

Question 14

Freezing point depression equation

Answer 14

Tf= (T°f) - (change in Tf)
Tf= solution freeze point
T°f= pure solvent freeze point

Question 15

Osmotic pressure equation

Answer 15

OP= (i)(M)(R)(T)
i= vant hoff
M= molarity
R= gas constant
T=Tempature

Question 16

Isotonic Solution
(Organ Transplant)

Answer 16

• same concentration both side of membrane
• burst if stored in water

Question 17

Hypertonic Solution
(Food preservation)

Answer 17

•high concentration outside membrane
•salt pulls H2O from microbe & kills

Question 18

Hypotonic Solution
(Tree Growth)

Answer 18

•low concentration outside membrane
• H2O pulled through sap to top of tree

Question 19

Reverse Osmosis
(Water Purification)

Answer 19

•reverse solvent flow by pressure bigger than osmotic
•obtain H2O w/ low solute concentration