chptr 2 making ethical decisions

Question 1

needs-based motivation

Answer 1

the theory that human behavior is based on specific human needs that must often be met in a specific order. Abraham Maslow is the best-known psychologist for this theory.

Question 2

teleological or consequence-oriented theory

Answer 2

decision making theory that judges the rightness or wrongness based on the outcomes or predicted outcomes

Question 3

utilitarianism

Answer 3

a consequence orientated theory that states that decisions should be made by determining what results will produce the best outcome for the most people

Question 4

principle of utility

Answer 4

used in utilitarianism; requires that the rule used in making a decision must bring about positive results when generalized to a wide variety of situations

Question 5

deontology always or duty-oriented theory

Answer 5

decision making theory that states that the rightness or wrongness of the act depends on its intrinsic nature and not the outcome of the act

Question 6

categorical imperative

Answer 6

a rule that is considered universal law binding on everyone and requiring action

Question 7

virtue ethics

Answer 7

refers to the theory that people who have moral virtues will make the right decisions

Question 8

autonomy

Answer 8

the capacity to be one’s own person and make one’s own decisions without being manipulated by external forces

Question 9

beneficence

Answer 9

acts performed by a health care practitioner to help people stay healthy or recover from illness

Question 10

nonmaleficence

Answer 10

the duty to do no harm

Question 11

justice

Answer 11

providing to an individual what is his or her due

Question 12

confidentiality

Answer 12

keeping medical information strictly private