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Psy 101 > Chpt 8 > Flashcards

Chpt 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Motivation

A

Factors that direct and energize the behavior of humans and other organisms

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2
Q

Instincts

A

Inborn patterns that are biologically determined rather than leanred

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3
Q

Instinct approaches to motivation

A

An explanation of motivation that suggests people and animals are born programmed with sets of behaviors essential to survive

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4
Q

What is an example of instinct approaches to motivation?

A

Eating because you need food to survive

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5
Q

Another example of instinct approaches to motivation?

A

A dog shaking their body when their wet

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6
Q

Drive-reduction approaches to motivation

A

Theory suggesting that a lack of some basic biological need produces a drive to push an organism to satisfy that need

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7
Q

Give an example of drive-reduction approaches to motivation

A

Getting a sweater because you are too cold

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8
Q

Drive

A

Motivation, tension, or arousal that energizes behavior to fulfill a need

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9
Q

Homeostasis

A

The body’s tendency to maintain a steady internal state

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10
Q

Arousal approaches to motivation

A

Belief that people try to maintain steady level of stimulation and activity

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11
Q

Explain arousal approach to motivation

A

If stimulation and activity become too high, we try to lower it. Or, if we feel it is too low we try to raise it

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12
Q

Give an example of arousal approach to motivation

A

Being out with your friends, but feeling drained so you go and talk a walk by yourself

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13
Q

Incentive approach to motivation

A

Theory suggesting that motivation stems from the desire to attain external rewards known as incentives

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14
Q

Example of incentive approach to motivation

A

Doing well in school because of the rewards you receive

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15
Q

Another example of incentive approach to motivation

A

Eating because food tastes good not because you are hungry

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16
Q

“Push”

A

Internal drives proposed by drive-reduction

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17
Q

“Pull”

A

The external incentives of incentive theory

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18
Q

Describe push and pull

A

Push is what drives you to do something. A pull is more an incentive, you get something

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19
Q

Cognitive approaches to motivation

A

Theory suggesting that motivation is a result of people’s thoughts, beliefs, expectations and goals

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20
Q

Give an example of cognitive approaches to motivation

A

Memory. People remember their success and tend to try and achieve the same

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21
Q

Intrinsic motivation

A

Causes individuals to participate in an activity for their own enjoyment rather for any actual concrete reward

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22
Q

Example of intrinsic motivation

A

Reading for fun instead of reading because of school

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23
Q

Extrinsic motivation

A

Causes individuals to do something for money, a grade, or some actual concrete reward

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24
Q

Example of extrinsic motivation

A

Playing a sport not because you like it, but because of the trophy’s

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25
Q

Self-actualization

A

State of self fulfillment in which people realize their highest potential

26
Q

What is glucose, insulin, and ghrelin

A

Glucose is a sugar that regulates feelings of hunger. Insulin leads body to store excess sugar. Ghrelin communicates feelings of hunger to the brain (like growling

27
Q

What monitors glucose levels?

A

The Hypothalamus

28
Q

Weight set point

A

Particular level of weight that body strives to maintain

29
Q

What effects the weight set point?

A

Hypothalamus

30
Q

Metabolism

A

The rate of which food is converted to energy and expanded by the body

31
Q

What is a drive?

A

Something that gives you motivation to fulfill a need

32
Q

Describe homeostasis

A

When the body tries to maintain a steady internal state. Like when you are overheating

33
Q

What are some causes of obesity?

A

Higher weight set point, genetics, lighter level of leptin

34
Q

Anorexia nervosa

A

A severe eating disorder in which people may refuse to eat while denying their behavior and appearance are unusual

35
Q

Bulimia

A

Disorder in which a person binges on large quantities of food, followed by efforts to purge the food through vomiting or other means

36
Q

What are some causes of anorexia and bulimia

A

Biological chemical imbalance in the hypothalamus, genetics( maybe parenting), society’s value of being thin

37
Q

Androgens

A

Male hormones secreted by the tests

38
Q

Estrogen

A

Class of female sex hormones produced by ovaries. Greatest production is during ovulation

39
Q

Masturbation

A

Sexual self-stimulation

40
Q

Heterosexuality

A

Sexual attraction and behavior directed to other sex

41
Q

Homosexuals

A

Persons who are sexually attracted to members of their own sex

42
Q

Bisexuals

A

People who are sexually attracted to those of the same gender as well as other genders

43
Q

What could be some determinants of sexual orientations

A

Hormones, genetics(twin studies), differences in brain structure

44
Q

What are some key symptoms of anorexia and bulimia

A

Anorexia is low body weight, malnutrition
Bulimia is binging and purging

45
Q

Transgender

A

General term for persons whose gender identity, gender expression, or behavior is not consistent with that typically associated with the sex of which they were assigned at birth

46
Q

Intersex person

A

People born with genitals that make their sexual identity ambiguous

47
Q

Need for achievement

A

A persons desire to strive for and achieve challenging accomplishments

48
Q

Growth mindset

A

The belief that individual characteristics such as intelligence, talent, and motivation can be developed through hard work

49
Q

Fixed mindset

A

The erroneous belief that individual characteristics such as intelligence, talent, and motivation are set at birth and vary little through out the life span

50
Q

Need for affiliation

A

An interest in establishing and maintaining relationships with other people

51
Q

Need for power

A

Tendency to seek impact, control, or influence over others and to be seen as a powerful individual

52
Q

Emotions

A

Feelings that generally have both physiological and cognitive elements and that influence behavior

53
Q

Describe someone high in the need for achievement

A

Someone who is high in need fro achievement will most likely choose average leveled classes where they will not succeed easily, struggle

54
Q

Describe someone high in need for affiliation

A

Someone high in need for affiliation will most likely be more social, and hang with their friends often

55
Q

Describe someone high in need for power

A

Someone high in need for power will most likely

56
Q

Contrast growth and fixed mindset

A

Growth mindset is someone believing they can achieve something working hard. A fixed mindset is someone believing they will not be able to achieve anything because that is how they are wired

57
Q

Emotions

A

Feelings that generally have both physiological and cognitive elements and that influence behavior

58
Q

What are the basic emotions?

A

Happiness, anger, fear, sadness, and disgust

59
Q

James-Lange theory of emotion

A

Emotional experience is a reaction to bodily events occurring as a result of an external situation

60
Q

Conan-Bard theory of emotion

A

Both physiological arousal and emotional experience are provided simultaneously by the same nerve stimulus

61
Q

Schachter-Singer theory of emotion

A

Emotions are determined by a nonspecific kind of physiological arousal and its interpretation based on emotional cues

62
Q

Compare and contrast the James-Lange theory, Canon-Bard theory, and Schachter-Singer theory

A

James-Lange: emotions happen because of bodily functions
Canon-Bard: emotion and physiological arousal happen at same time
Schachter-Singer: emotion based on what’s around us

Psy 101 (1 decks)

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