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AP Human Geography > Chpt. 7 Language > Flashcards

Chpt. 7 Language Flashcards

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0
Q

Culture

A

The arts of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively

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1
Q

Language

A

Human ability to use complex systems of communication

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2
Q

Mutual Intelligibility

A

A relationship between languages where speakers of related varieties can understand

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3
Q

Standard Language

A

Public used language

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4
Q

Dialects

A

Form of language used in a particular region

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5
Q

Dialect chains

A

Set of dialects that are similar

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6
Q

Isogloss

A

Geographic boundary within a linguistic feature

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7
Q

Language families

A

Languages with fairly similar origins

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8
Q

Subfamilies

A

Commonalities or origins are more definite

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9
Q

Sound shift

A

Slight change in a word across languages within a subfamily

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10
Q

Proto-Indo-European

A

Language that’s traveled and changed through dialects

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11
Q

Backward Reconcontruction

A

The tracking of sound shifts “backward” toward the original language

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12
Q

Extinct Language

A

A language without any native speakers

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13
Q

Deep reconstruction

A

Using vocab from an extinct language in an attempt to rebuild it

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14
Q

Nostratic

A

Ancestral language to Kartnelian language of Southern Caucasus

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15
Q

Language Divergence

A

The splitting of one language into two languages

16
Q

Language Convergence

A

The collapsing of two languages into one

17
Q

Renfrew Hypothesis

A

Three languages in the Fertile Crescent

18
Q

Conquest Theory

A

The Proto-Indo-European language spread on horseback

19
Q

Dispersal Hypothesis

A

The tracking of the Proto-Indo-European languages to SE Asia

20
Q

Romance Language Examples

A

French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian.

21
Q

Germanic Language Examples

A

English, Swedish, German, Norwegian, Danish.

22
Q

Slavic Languages

A

Russian, Czech, Slovak, Bulgarian.

23
Q

Lingua Franca

A

Frankish language applied in the Mediterranean for trading

24
Q

Pidgin Language

A

When parts of 2+ languages are combined

25
Q

Creole Language

A

Language that began Pidgin, and is now a mother tongue

26
Q

Monolingual States

A

One language spoken

27
Q

Multilingual States

A

1+ language spoken

28
Q

Official Language

A

Language selected by a powerful elite

29
Q

Global Language

A

Languages globally used most commonly

30
Q

Place

A

Uniqueness; theme of geography

31
Q

Toponym

A

A name for a place

AP Human Geography (2 decks)

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