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Clinics and Nursing > chpt, 31 > Flashcards

chpt, 31 Flashcards

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1
Q

LASER acynom

A

light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation

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2
Q

uniform in wavelegnth and frequency

A

coherent ligth

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3
Q

what is a laser that causes delayed cellular death?

A

latent thermal damange

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4
Q

a laser that causes cellular damage or death wider than actual path of the laser

A

collateral thermal damage

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5
Q

a type of laser beam produced from a gas medium

A

CO2 laser

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6
Q

type of laser bean that transmits through a quartz fiber

A

diode laser

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7
Q

lasers are divided into how many classes?

A

into four different classes in which most laser beams are a class 4

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8
Q

what is an MPE level?

A

maximum permissible exposure level

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9
Q

What are 3 types of stapling devices?

A

Ligate-divide-separate (LDS)
Thoracoabdominal (TA)
Gastrointestinal anastomosis (GIA)

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10
Q

device that sllows from ligation (closing off) of vessels with pressure and energy

A

Vascular Sealing Devices

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11
Q

What are the 2 uses of vascular sealing devices?

A

Open surgical techniques (laparotomy and thoracotomy)
Minimally invasive

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12
Q

Basic operative pack for ophthalmic procedures

A

specialized scapel (#7), fine scissors, thumb forceps, needle holders, retractors (chalazion and graffe), and lacrimal duct cannulas

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13
Q

what is the most commonly used periosteal elevator used in small animal orthopedics?

A

freer elevator

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14
Q

Total hip prosthesis

A

1) Addresses severe arthritis
2) Long stem placed inside proximal femur
3) Ball replaces femoral head
4) Cup replaces acetabulum

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15
Q

Device that helps remove osteochondral fragments and osteochondritic lesions

A

Arthroscope

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16
Q

most commonly used arthroscope for canine arthroscopy

A

30-dedree angled lens

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17
Q

During an ancillary arthroscopic procedure, the sharp trocar and sleeve are used to what?

A

Penetrate the joint capsule

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18
Q

An ancillary arthroscopic instrument that replaces the trocar and penetrates the synovial membrane then replaced by arthroscope?

A

Blunt obturator

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19
Q

arthroscopic fluid delivery is given in what delivery methods?

A

Gas (CO2) or sterile fluid

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20
Q

What are the 2 types of arthroscopic fluid deliveries?

A

Pressurized bag system
Automated pump system

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21
Q

used to probe cartilage and subchondral bone in the joint

A

blunt probe

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22
Q

cut the attachments of an osteochondral fragment

A

rongeurs

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23
Q

cut or breakdown attatchments of an osteochondral fragment and elevate it

A

elevators and osteotomes

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24
Q

debride a defect in the cartilage or bone after a removal or lesion

A

curettes

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25
Q

Motorized arthroplasty system

A

Motorized burrs

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26
Q

used to prevent damage to surrounding articular cartilage and remove defects left

A

motorized burs

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27
Q

allow for hemostasis of blood vessels and cutting out damaged soft tissue within a joint

A

Radiofrequency arthroscopic probes

28
Q

surgical tool used to examine the abdominal and thoracic cavities

A

laparscopy

29
Q

Where should we access the abdominal cavities in equine and canines?

A

Paralumbar fossa (equine)
Ventral abdomen (canine/equine)

30
Q

gas that is used to distend the abdomen during a laparoscopic procedure

A

CO2

31
Q

Penetrate subcutaneous tissue and peritoneal lining

A

Sharp trocar and cannula

32
Q

Replaces sharp trocar

A

Blunt trocar

33
Q

Automatically maintains abdominal
distention

A

Insufflator, CO2

34
Q

What is the best way to pack instruments?

A

1) Commonly used instruments most accessible
2) Infrequently used instruments wrapped
3) Items always in same location

35
Q

Instrument care

A

1) Delicate instruments handled separately
2) Disassemble multi-component instruments
3) After surgery, all used instruments should immediately be rinsed using cold, distilled, or deionized water

36
Q

most surgical equipment is made of what?

A

satin-finished stainless steel

37
Q

Instruments should be inspected then washed in what?

A

warm h20 and neutral pH instrument detergent

38
Q

what is the main rule for ultrasonic cleaners?

A

Only instruments of similar material

39
Q

After care of instruments

A

1) Rinse with deionized water then air dry
2) Lubricate instruments with hinges or box
locks
3) Inspect before repacking

40
Q

What should you look for when inspecting instruments before repacking?

A

frozen hinges, improper jaw alignment, or broken parts

41
Q

Drapes and Gowns are either these 2 types of material

A

paper- disposable
cloth- repeated use

42
Q

what type of method is used when folding gowns?

A

accordion fold

43
Q

what is an exogenous source of contamination?

A

air, surgical instruments and supplies, patients skin, and surgical team

44
Q

what is an endogenious source of contamination?

A

from within the patients such as bacteria from the oral cavity (gingivitis) or skin (dermatitis)

45
Q

What factor influences wound contamination and subsequent infection?

A

the length of time the patient is under anesthesia

46
Q

risk of infection does what after every hour the patient is under anesthesia?

A

doubles

47
Q

Typically an elective surgery in a non-contaminated, non-traumatic and non-inflamed surgical site

A

clean surgery

48
Q

surgery involves the respiratory, GI or genitourinary system, ie often a hollow organ

A

clean-contaminated

49
Q

Similar surgeries, but with leakage or a major break in aseptic technique

A

contaminated

50
Q

debridement (removal) of a cutaneous abscess

A

dirty surgery

51
Q

What are types of physical sterilization?

A

Filtration
Radiation
Heat
Autoclave

52
Q

most commonly used in pharmaceuticals and uses a filter to separate material from liquid or gases

A

filtration

53
Q

destroys microorganisms without causing significant temp. elevations (gloves, suture materials)

A

radiation

54
Q

sterilize materials that cannot tolerate moisture but can withstand high temps

A

dry heat

55
Q

sterilization by boiling water or stream under pressure, ex.autoclaves

A

moist heat

56
Q

most autoclaves in veterinary practices are

A

gravity displacement

57
Q

Proper pack preparation

A

1) All materials thoroughly cleaned
2) Complex instruments disassembled
3) Labeled with handler, date of sterilization,
contents
4) Indicator strip

58
Q

Proper loading of autoclave

A

1) 2.5 to 7.5 cm of space around pack
2) pyramid style

59
Q

temps and times of autoclaves

A

minimum standard- 121C (250F) for 20 min
prefered- 121C (250F) for 30-45 min

60
Q

Flash sterilization

A

3 min at 131C (370F)

61
Q

Four types of sterilization indicators

A

autoclave tape, melting pellet glass, culture tests, and chemical sterilization indicators

62
Q

useful for identifying packs and articles that have been exposed to steam

A

autoclave tape

63
Q

indicates temp of approximately 118C (244F) has been reached

A

melting peller glass indicator

64
Q

contain controlled-count spore population of particular strains of bacterium

A

culture tests

65
Q

Penetrates paper and plastic packaging

A

ethylene oxide

66
Q

Eposure time of ethylene oxide

A

12 hours at room temperature

67
Q

quarantine time of ethylene oxide

A

well-ventilated area for 7 days
12 to 18 hours in aerator

Clinics and Nursing (3 decks)

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