Chpt 3 Vocab

Question 1

Fairness

Answer 1

The condition of being impartial the allocation of equal shares or equal opportunities

Question 2

Equality

Answer 2

The same value, rights or treatment between all in a specific group

Question 3

Impartiality

Answer 3

Not favoring one party or interest more than another

Question 4

Justice

Answer 4

The quality of being impartial fair and just. From the Latin justitia concerning rules or law

Question 5

Distributive Justice

Answer 5

Concerns what measurement should be used to allocate society’s resources

Question 6

Corrective justice

Answer 6

Justice that concerns when unfair advantage or unjust enrichment occurs (either through contract disputes or criminal action) and what the appropriate remedy might be to right the wrong

Question 7

Veil of ignorance

Answer 7

Rawls idea that people develop fair principles of distribution only if they are ignorant of their position in society, so in order to get objective judgements, the decision maker must not know how the decision would affect him or her.

Question 8

Substantive justice

Answer 8

Concerns just deserts-in other words the appropriate amount of punishment for a crime

Question 9

Procedural justice

Answer 9

Component of justice that concerns the steps taken to reach a determination of guilt punishment or other conclusion of law

Question 10

Retributive Justice

Answer 10

The component of justice that concerns the determination and method of punishment

Question 11

Lex talionis

Answer 11

A vengeance oriented justice concern with equal retaliation. An eye for an eye a tooth for a tooth

Question 12

Lex Salica

Answer 12

A form of justice that allows compensation the harm can be repaired by payment or atonement

Question 13

Sanctuary

Answer 13

Ancient right based on church power allowed a person respite from punishment as long as he or she was within confines of church grounds

Question 14

Ulilitarian justice

Answer 14

The type of justice that looks to the greatest good for all as the end

Question 15

Hedonistic calculus

Answer 15

Jeremy Bentham’s rationale for calculating the potential rewards of a crime so the amount of threatened pain could be set to deter people from committing that crime

Question 16

Due process

Answer 16

Constitutionally mandates procedural steps designed to eliminate error in any governmental deprivation of protected liberty life or property

Question 17

Innocent project

Answer 17

An organization staffed by lawyers and law students who re-examine cases and provide legal assistance to convicts when there is a probability that serious errors occurred in there prosecution

Question 18

Confirmatory bias

Answer 18

Fixating on a preconceived notion and ignoring other possibilities such as in regard to a specific suspect during a police investigation

Question 19

Restorative justice

Answer 19

And approach to corrective justice the focuses on meeting the needs of all concerned

Question 20

Civil disobedience

Answer 20

Voluntarily breaking established laws based on one’s moral beliefs