Chpt 3 : Review

Question 1

Measurement

Answer 1

is the act of comparing an unknown quantity to a standard unit of measurement

Question 2

Dimension

Answer 2

In science is a property that can be measured.

Question 3

Instruments

Answer 3

Is any artificial device made for the purpose of refining, extending, or substituting for the human senses when measuring.

Question 4

Unit

Answer 4

Is the segment of a dimension assigned a value of 1 for measuring purposes.

Question 5

Observational bias

Answer 5

Is a flawed perspective on data that results from a person’s desire to see a certain outcome or from one’s limitations.

Question 6

Measured data has two parts:

Answer 6

a number that gives the size of the measurement and the dimensional unit.

Question 7

Metric system of measures

Answer 7

In 1799 France established a decimal metric system of measures consisting of the meter (m) and the kilogram (kg).

Question 8

Cubic decimeter

Answer 8

Is equal to 1/1000 of a cubic meter

Question 9

Prefix

Answer 9

Each prefix indicates the factor necessary to produce the required unit

Question 10

Conversions factor

Answer 10

Is any factor equal to 1 that consists of a ratio of two units.

Question 11

Conversion check

Answer 11

If the new unit is larger than the original unit, then the new number will be smaller than the original number.

Question 12

≅

Answer 12

“approximately equal to.”

Question 13

The measurement error

Answer 13

is the mathematical difference between the measured value and the actual value.

Question 14

Accuracy

Answer 14

Evaluates how close a measurement is to the actual value.

Question 15

Precision

Answer 15

evaluates how exactly a measuremen t is made.

Question 16

exactness of measured data

Answer 16

is determined by reading the major and minor divisions on the instrument scale.

Question 17

Significant digits

Answer 17

in a measurement are all the digits known from the instru- ment scale plus one estimated digit.

Question 18

The purpose of observing significant digits

Answer 18

is to establish the precision of the measurement, not improve its accuracy.

Question 19

SD Rules 3–5

Answer 19

describes how to deal with zeros in a measurement.

Question 20

SD Rule 2:

Answer 20

All nonzero digits in measured data are significant.

Question 21

SD Rule 1:

Answer 21

Significant digits apply only to measured data.

Question 22

SD Rule 3:

Answer 22

All zeros between nonzero digits are significant.

Question 23

SD Rule 4:

Answer 23

Decimal points define significant zeros.

Question 24

SD Rule 5:

Answer 24

Significant zeros in the one’s place are followed by a dec- imal point.

Question 25

Weight

Answer 25

can indicate the amount of matter in an object, but it does not measure the amount of matter directly.

Question 26

Mass

Answer 26

Is the measure of the amount of matter in an object.

Question 27

spring scale

Answer 27

It balances the pull of the earth’s gravity on an object being weighed against the pull of a spring inside the instrument.

Question 28

electronic scale

Answer 28

The scale converts the pull of gravity on the object into an electronic signal that is processed by a computer chip.

Question 29

volume

Answer 29

The space enclosed or occupied by an object

Question 30

volume

Answer 30

length × width × height V = lwh

Question 31

cube

Answer 31

volume = (edge × edge × edge) V = e3

Question 32

Rectangle

Answer 32

volume = length × width × height V = lwh

Question 33

Density

Answer 33

is a property of matter that can be used to identify certain kinds of matter, especially pure sub- stances.

Question 34

Si

Answer 34

Système International

Question 35

Metric ladder

Answer 35

``` Killo Hecta Deka Meter Deci Centi Millie ```