Chpt 26 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF BURN INJURY

Question 1

What is burns path

Answer 1

Burns are complex injuries with loss of tissue integrity that cause patients to develop many physiologic, metabolic, and psychological changes.

Question 2

The tissue destruction caused by a burn injury affects

Answer 2

fluid and electrolyte balance, and leads to local and systemic problems, including fluid and protein losses, sepsis, and changes in metabolic, endocrine, respiratory, cardiac, hematologic, and immune functioning.

Question 3

superficial-thickness wounds

Answer 3

the epidermis is the only part of the skin that is injured.

Question 4

partial-thickness wound

Answer 4

involves the entire epidermis and varying depths of the dermis

Question 5

full-thickness wound

Answer 5

destruction of the entire epidermis and dermis, leaving no true skin cells to repopulate; therefore, skin will not regrow.

Question 6

After a burn injury, there is a massive fluid loss through

Answer 6

evaporation.

Question 7

Circulatory disruption

Answer 7

Blood vessels to the burned skin are occluded, and blood flow is reduced or stopped.
• Damaged macrophages within the tissues release chemical mediators that cause blood vessel constriction.
• Blood vessel thrombosis may occur, causing necrosis

Question 8

fluid shift occurs after initial vasoconstriction

Answer 8

dilating and leaking fluids into the interstitial space

Question 9

continuous leak of plasma fluids and proteins from the vascular space into the interstitial space, which

Answer 9

decreases blood volume and blood pressure.

Question 10

Profound disruptions of fluid and electrolyte balance and acid-base balance

Answer 10

imbalances include hypovolemia, metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, and hyponatremia.

Question 11

Fluid remobilization starts about

Answer 11

24 hours after injury, when the capillary leak stops and capillary integrity is restored.

Question 12

diuretic stage begins at about

Answer 12

48 to 72 hours after the burn injury as capillary membrane integrity returns.

Question 13

Heart rate increases and cardiac output decreases because of

Answer 13

the initial fluid shifts and hypovolemia that occur after a burn injury.

Question 14

Cardiac output may remain low until

Answer 14

18 to 36 hours after the burn injury.

Question 15

Cardiac output increases with

Answer 15

fluid resuscitation and reaches normal levels before plasma volume is restored completely.

Question 16

Curling’s ulcer,

Answer 16

an acute gastroduodenal ulcer that occurs with the stress of severe injury, may develop within 24 hours after a severe burn injury because of reduced GI blood flow and mucosal damage.