Chpt 2 Flashcards
Structure of Human Body
*Cells
*Tissues
*Organs
*Systems
Cell
Basic unit of all living things
Cell structure
*Cell membrane
*Cytoplasm
*Nucleus
*Chromosomes
Body Cavities
*Cranial cavity
*Spinal cavity
*Thoracic or chest cavity
*Abdominal cavity
*Pelvic cavity
Membranes
*Mucous membrane- involved in absorption & secretion
*Serous membrane - support organs & compartmentalize
*Synovial membranes - lubricates end of bones
*Meninges - protective covering of brain & spinal cord
*Cutaneous membrane - skin
Integumentary System
*Skin
*Hair
*Nails
Integumentary System function
*protect from injury, fluid loss and microorganisms
*Temp regulation
*Fluid balance
*sensation
Layers of Epidermis
*Stratum Corneum- horny layer (outermost)
*Stratum Lucidum - clear layer (palm & soles)
*Stratum Granulosum - granular layer
*Stratum Spinosum - composed of prickle cells that are interwoven for protection
*Stratum Basale - deepest layer
Layers of Dermis
*Stratum Papillare- superficial layer interlocked with epidermis
*Stratum Reticulare - thick layer of dense, irregular connective tissue
Parts of Hair
*Follicle
*Shaft
Parts of Nail
*Root
*Nail Bed
*Nail Plate
*Cuticle (eponychium)
*Perionychium
*Hyponychium
Types of Bones
*Long (Tubular)
*Short (Cuboidal)
*Flat
*Sesamoid
*Irregular
Types of Joints
*Fibrous
*Cartilaginous
*Synovial
Axial Skeleton
*Skull
*Hyoid
*Ribs
*Sternum
*Vertebra
*Sacrum
Appendicular Skeleton
*Shoulder girdle
*Pelvic girdle
*Extremities
Common Fractures
*Closed
*Compound
*Transverse
*Greenstick
*Spiral
*Colles
*Compression
*Epipyphseal
Muscles
Provide contractility
Provide form and heat for the body
Types of Muscle
*Skeletal
*Cardiac
*Smooth
Blood Vessels
*Arteries
*Veins
*Capillaries
Heart Structure
*Epicardium
*Myocardium
*Endocardium
*Pericardial sac
Blood Flow through the heart
Vena cava > R atrium > R ventricle > Pulm artery > Lungs
> Pulm vein > L Atrium > L ventricle > Aortic Valve
Lymphatic System
*Lymphatic Vessels
*Spleen
*Thymus
*Tonsils
*Peyer’s Patches & Appendix
Respiratory System
*Nose
*Pharynx
*Larynx
*Trachea
*Bronchi
Digestive System Function
Mechanically and chemically breakdown food for absorption into blood stream and use at cellular level
Digestive System Structure
*Teeth & Tongue
*Salivary Gland
*Esophagus
*Stomach
*Sm Intestine
*Lg Intestine
*Pancreas
*Liver
*Gall Bladder
Urinary System
*Kidneys
*Ureters
*Urinary Bladder
*Urethra
Male External Genetalia
*Testes
*Epididymus
*Scrotum
*Penis
Male Internal Genetalia
*Prostate Gland
*Seminal Vesicle
*Cowper’s Gland
Female External Genetalia
*Vulva
*Labia Majora & Minora
*Clitoris
*Externa opening of vagina (introitus)
*Opening of Urethra
*Skene’s Glands
*Bartholin’s Glands
Female Internal Genetalia
*Vagina
*Uterus
*Fallopian Tubes
*Ovaries
Nervous System Structure
*CNS - bran & spinal cord
*PNS - cranial & spinal nerves
Eye Layers
*Retina (inner) - nervous
*Choroid (middle) - vascular
*Sclera (outer) - fibrous
Eye Segments
*Anterior Segment - filled with aqueous humor; responsible for intraocular pressure
*Posterior Segment - filled with vitreous humor: keeps eye from collapsing
Ear Structure
*Outer Ear
*Middle Ear - tympanic cavity
*Inner Ear - labyrinth
Ear Function
Sound waves captured by ear > transmitted to dendrites on tiny hair cells in the Organ of Corti
Endocrine Glands (def)
Ductless and secrete hormones directly to blood stream
Exocrine Glands
Secrete hormones that affect tissues other than themselves
Adrenal Glands
*Ductless
*Located on superior kidney
*2 parts: Medulla (inner) - secretes epi and norepi
Cortex (outer) - secretes several steroids
Carotid Body
*Located @ bifurcation of common carotid artery
*Vascular/sinusoidal bed & lg network of fibers from glosspharyngeal nerve measure concentration of O2, CO2, and free H+ in blood
*Regulates respiration and pH balance
Pancreas
Controld blood sugar with insulin and glucagon
Parathyroid Gland
*Located on post thyroid gland
*Regulate Ca and phosphorus metabolism
Pituitary Gland
(hypophysis cerebri)
*Located in brain just below hypothalmus
*Post (neurohypophysis) secretes oxytocin
*Ant manufactures ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH, GH, MSH and prolactin
Thymus Gland
*Located in mediastinum of the chest
*Helps regulate humoral immune functions
*Does much of the work in childhood
Thyroid Gland
*Ductless gland located in neck just below thyroid cartilage of trachea
*Secretes thyroid hormone and calcitonin to regulate metabolism and serum Ca levels
Hematologic System
*RBCs
*WBCs
*Platelets
