Chpt 2 Flashcards by Michelle Leitheiser

Structure of Human Body

*Cells
*Tissues
*Organs
*Systems

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Cell

Basic unit of all living things

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Cell structure

*Cell membrane
*Cytoplasm
*Nucleus
*Chromosomes

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Body Cavities

*Cranial cavity
*Spinal cavity
*Thoracic or chest cavity
*Abdominal cavity
*Pelvic cavity

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Membranes

*Mucous membrane- involved in absorption & secretion
*Serous membrane - support organs & compartmentalize
*Synovial membranes - lubricates end of bones
*Meninges - protective covering of brain & spinal cord
*Cutaneous membrane - skin

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Integumentary System

*Skin
*Hair
*Nails

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Integumentary System function

*protect from injury, fluid loss and microorganisms
*Temp regulation
*Fluid balance
*sensation

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Layers of Epidermis

*Stratum Corneum- horny layer (outermost)
*Stratum Lucidum - clear layer (palm & soles)
*Stratum Granulosum - granular layer
*Stratum Spinosum - composed of prickle cells that are interwoven for protection
*Stratum Basale - deepest layer

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Layers of Dermis

*Stratum Papillare- superficial layer interlocked with epidermis
*Stratum Reticulare - thick layer of dense, irregular connective tissue

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Parts of Hair

*Follicle
*Shaft

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Parts of Nail

*Root
*Nail Bed
*Nail Plate
*Cuticle (eponychium)
*Perionychium
*Hyponychium

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Types of Bones

*Long (Tubular)
*Short (Cuboidal)
*Flat
*Sesamoid
*Irregular

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Types of Joints

*Fibrous
*Cartilaginous
*Synovial

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Axial Skeleton

*Skull
*Hyoid
*Ribs
*Sternum
*Vertebra
*Sacrum

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Appendicular Skeleton

*Shoulder girdle
*Pelvic girdle
*Extremities

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Common Fractures

*Closed
*Compound
*Transverse
*Greenstick
*Spiral
*Colles
*Compression
*Epipyphseal

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Muscles

Provide contractility
Provide form and heat for the body

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Types of Muscle

*Skeletal
*Cardiac
*Smooth

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Blood Vessels

*Arteries
*Veins
*Capillaries

Heart Structure

*Epicardium
*Myocardium
*Endocardium
*Pericardial sac

Blood Flow through the heart

Vena cava > R atrium > R ventricle > Pulm artery > Lungs
> Pulm vein > L Atrium > L ventricle > Aortic Valve

Lymphatic System

*Lymphatic Vessels
*Spleen
*Thymus
*Tonsils
*Peyer’s Patches & Appendix

Respiratory System

*Nose
*Pharynx
*Larynx
*Trachea
*Bronchi

Digestive System Function

Mechanically and chemically breakdown food for absorption into blood stream and use at cellular level

Digestive System Structure

*Teeth & Tongue *Salivary Gland *Esophagus *Stomach *Sm Intestine *Lg Intestine *Pancreas *Liver *Gall Bladder

Urinary System

*Kidneys *Ureters *Urinary Bladder *Urethra

Male External Genetalia

*Testes *Epididymus *Scrotum *Penis

Male Internal Genetalia

*Prostate Gland *Seminal Vesicle *Cowper's Gland

Female External Genetalia

*Vulva *Labia Majora & Minora *Clitoris *Externa opening of vagina (introitus) *Opening of Urethra *Skene's Glands *Bartholin's Glands

Female Internal Genetalia

*Vagina *Uterus *Fallopian Tubes *Ovaries

Nervous System Structure

*CNS - bran & spinal cord *PNS - cranial & spinal nerves

Eye Layers

*Retina (inner) - nervous *Choroid (middle) - vascular *Sclera (outer) - fibrous

Eye Segments

*Anterior Segment - filled with aqueous humor; responsible for intraocular pressure *Posterior Segment - filled with vitreous humor: keeps eye from collapsing

Ear Structure

*Outer Ear *Middle Ear - tympanic cavity *Inner Ear - labyrinth

Ear Function

Sound waves captured by ear > transmitted to dendrites on tiny hair cells in the Organ of Corti

Endocrine Glands (def)

Ductless and secrete hormones directly to blood stream

Exocrine Glands

Secrete hormones that affect tissues other than themselves

Adrenal Glands

*Ductless *Located on superior kidney *2 parts: Medulla (inner) - secretes epi and norepi Cortex (outer) - secretes several steroids

Carotid Body

*Located @ bifurcation of common carotid artery *Vascular/sinusoidal bed & lg network of fibers from glosspharyngeal nerve measure concentration of O2, CO2, and free H+ in blood *Regulates respiration and pH balance

Pancreas

Controld blood sugar with insulin and glucagon

Parathyroid Gland

*Located on post thyroid gland *Regulate Ca and phosphorus metabolism

Pituitary Gland (hypophysis cerebri)

*Located in brain just below hypothalmus *Post (neurohypophysis) secretes oxytocin *Ant manufactures ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH, GH, MSH and prolactin

Thymus Gland

*Located in mediastinum of the chest *Helps regulate humoral immune functions *Does much of the work in childhood

Thyroid Gland

*Ductless gland located in neck just below thyroid cartilage of trachea *Secretes thyroid hormone and calcitonin to regulate metabolism and serum Ca levels

Hematologic System

*RBCs *WBCs *Platelets