Chpt 16 Vocab - Asian Transitions

Question 1

caravels

Answer 1

slender, long-hulled vessels utilized by Portuguese; highly maneuverable and able to sail against the wind; key to development of Portuguese trade empire in Asia

Question 2

Asian sea trading network

Answer 2

prior to intervention of Europeans, consisted of three zones: Arab zone based on glass, carpets, and tapestries; India zone based on cotton textiles; China zone based on paper, porcelain, and silks

Question 3

mercantilists

Answer 3

economic thinkers who argues that a ruler’s and kingdom’s power depended on the amount of precious metals they controlled. this led to an emphasis on using manufactured goods rather than gold or silver in commercial exchanges with other nations or empires

Question 4

Ormuz

Answer 4

Portuguese factory or fortified trade town located at southern end of Persian Gulf; site for forcible entry into Asian sea trade network

Question 5

Goa

Answer 5

Portuguese factory or fortified trade town located on Western India coast; site for forcible entry into Asian sea trade network

Question 6

Batavia

Answer 6

Dutch fortress located after 1620 on the island of Java

Question 7

Dutch trading empire

Answer 7

the Dutch system extending into Asian with fortified towns and factories, warships on patrol, and monopoly control of a limited number of products

Question 8

Luzon

Answer 8

Northern island of Philippines; conquered by Spain during the 1560s; site of major Catholic missionary effort

Question 9

Mindanao

Answer 9

Southern island of Philippines; a Muslim kingdom that was able to successfully resist Spanish conquest

Question 10

Francis Xavier

Answer 10

(1506-1552) Spanish Jesuit missionary; worked in India in 1540s among the untouchables and lower-caste groups; made little headway among elites

Question 11

Robert di Nobili

Answer 11

(1577-1656) Italian Jesuit missionary; worked in India during the early 1600s; introduced strategy to convert elites first; strategy later widely adopted by Jesuits in various parts of Asia; mission eventually failed

Question 12

Macao & Canton

Answer 12

2 ports in which Europeans were permitted to trade in China during the Ming dynasty

Question 13

Matteo Ricci & Adam Schall

Answer 13

(1552-1610) & (1591-1666) Jesuit scholars in court of Ming emperors; skilled scientists; won few converts to Christianity

Question 14

Chongzhen

Answer 14

(1611-1644) Last of the Ming emperors; committed suicide in 1644 in the face of a Jurchen capture of the Forbidden City at Beijing

Question 15

Oda Nobunaga

Answer 15

(1534-1582) Japanese daimyo; first to make extensive use of firearms; in 1573 deposed last of Ashikaga shoguns; unified much of central Honshu under his command

Question 16

Toyotomi Hideyoshi

Answer 16

(1536-1598) General under Nobunaga; succeeded as leading military power in Central Japan; continued efforts to break power of daimyos; constructed a series of alliances that made him military master of Japan in 1590

Question 17

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Answer 17

(1543-161) Vassal of Toyotomi Hideyoshi; succeeded him as most powerful military figure in Japan; granted title of shogun in 1603 and established Tokugawa shogunate; established political unity in Japan

Question 18

Edo

Answer 18

Tokugawa capital city; modern-day Tokyo; center of the Tokugawa shogunate

Question 19

Deshima

Answer 19

island in Nagasaki Bay; only port open to non-Japanese after closure of the islands in the 1640s; only Chinese and Dutch ships were permitted to enter

Question 20

School of National Learning

Answer 20

new ideology that laid emphasis on Japan’s unique historical experience and the revival of indigenous culture at the expense of Chinese imports such as Confucianism; typical of Japan in 18th century