Chpt 11 Cardiovascular System Flashcards
aorta
largest artery in the body
apex
lower tip of the heart
ateriole
small artery
artery
largest type of blood vessel; carries blood away from the heart to all parts of the body
atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His)
specialized muscle fibers connection the atria with the ventricles and transmitting electrical impulses between them
atrioventricular node (AV node)
specialized tissue in the wall between the atria. Electrical impulses pass from the pacemaker (SA node) through the AV node and the atrioventricular bundle toward the ventricles.
atrium (atria)
one of the two upper chambers of the heart
capillary
smallest type of blood vessel. Materials pass to and from the blood stream through the thin capillary walls.
carbon dioxide (CO2)
gas (waste) released by body cells, transported via veins to the heart and then to thee lungs for exhalation.
carotid arteries
2 common carotid arteries located on each side of the neck branch form the aorta and provide blood to head, neck, and brain
coronary arteries
blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle.
deoxygenated blood
blood that is oxygen-poor
diastole
relaxation phase of the heartbeat
electrocardiogram
record of the electrical activity of the heart . Electricity is represented by waves of deflections called P,QRS, T
endocardium
inner lining of the heart
endothelium
innermost lining of blood vessels
mitral valve
valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle; bicuspid valve
murmur
abnormal swishing sound caused by improper closure of the heart valve
myocardium
muscular middle layer of the heart
normal sinus rhythm
heart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node with a rate in pt’s at rest of 60-100 beats per min
oxygen
gas that enters the blood through the lungs and travels to the heart to be pumped via arteries to all the body cells
pacemaker (sinoatrial node)
specialized nervous tissue in the right atrium that begins the heartbeat. An artificial cardiac pacemaker is an electronic apparatus implanted in the chest to stimulate heart muscle that is weak and not functioning
pericardium
double-layered membrane surrounding the heart
pulmonary artery
artery carrying oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs
pulmonary circulation
flow of blood from the heart to the lungs
pulmonary valve
valve positioned between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery
pulmonary vein
1 of 2 pairs of vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart
pulse
beat of the heart as felt through the walls of the arteries
septum (septa)
partition or wall dividing a cavity such as the right/left (interatrial septum)
sinoatrial node (SA node)
pace maker of the heart
sphygmomanometer
instrument to measure blood pressure
systemic circulation
flow of blood from body tissue to the heart and then from the heart back to the body tissues
systole
contraction phase of the heartbeat
tricuspid valve
located between the right atrium and the right ventricle it has (tri-) leaflets or cusps
valve
structure in veins or in the heart temporarily closes an opening so that blood flows in only 1 direction
vein
thin-walled vessel that carries blood from body tissues and lungs back to the heart. Veins contain valves to prevent backflow of blood
vena cava (venae cavae)
largest vein in the body. The superior and inferior venae cavae return blood to the right atrium of the heart
ventricle
1 of the 2 lower chambers of the heart
venule
small vein
