[chpt 10] to what extent did people’s lives change after independence? Flashcards
what were the consequences of malaysia increasing tariffs on singapore’s exports?
higher tariffs > increased prices for singaporean products > reduced demand > increased demand for malaysian goods
how did the absence of a common market and direct access to malaysia’s hinterland affect singapore’s trade?
led to limited trade > dwindling entrepôt trade
- more countries were expanding and seeking to export goods directly from their ports
what is an example of singapore’s entrepôt trade being affected
malaysia reduced the volume of its exports to singapore > these exports were previously stored/processed in singapore before being re exported
what were the key sources of job loss in singapore during the 1960s?
the declining entrepôt trade and the withdrawal of british forces
what steps did singapore need to take to address its economic challenge?
diversify its economy, create more jobs quickly and attract foreign investment (MNCs)
what was the primary focus of singapore’s economic diversification efforts?
singapore focused on export oriented industrialisation to diversify its economy
- it exported to countries all around the world instead of just to malaysia
how did singapore attract MNCs to set up operations in the country?
- lowered tax rates
- provided a safe environment
- offered a growing labour force
- allocated land for development
what were the results of singapore’s efforts to diversify its economy?
it led to significant manufacturing growth, reduced unemployment, and economic growth exceeding 10% annually (calculated using GDP)
how did singapore improve its telecommunications system in the late 1960s and early 1970s?
the singapore telephone board (STB) rapidly expanded the telephone network, doubling its size from 1967-1972
what steps were taken to expand banking and financial services in singapore?
the development bank of singapore (DBS: in 1968 and attracted many foreign banks to operate in the country
when was the public utilities board established in singapore, and what were its responsibilities?
PUB was set up in 1963 to provide essential public utilities such as water, electricity, and gas to industries and households
what major changes were made to singapore’s airport facilities in 1960s and 1970s?
paya lebar airport was expanded, and changi airport was opened in 1981 to accommodate increased passenger and cargo traffic
how did the port of singapore authority contribute to sea transport in singapore?
PSA was formed in 1964 to manage port operations and set up facilities in various locations to support maritime activities
what improvements were made in land transport in singapore?
roads were constructed to connect industrial areas to housing estates, and an expressway system was built to reduce travel time
what event significantly impacted singapore’s oil supply in 1973?
the arab israeli war disrupted oil exports to singapore, causing a significant impact on its oil supply (singapore imported all its oil)
what is an example of the measures implemented by the government to help the people deal with the effects of the oil crisis?
the government increased worker’ s wages to help them cope with inflation
why was it necessary for singapore to build a sense of national identity among its diverse population?
singapore’s diverse population (of different races, religions etc) needed a shared identity for the nation to move forward successfully
what act was introduced to contribute to building a national identity?
the national registration act of 1965
how did the national registration act of 1965 contribute to building a national identity in singapore?
it required Singaporeans to re-register, providing them with pink identity cards symbolising their singaporean identity
when and how were singapore’s national symbols (flag, crest and anthem) established?
in 1959, deputy PM toh chin chye coordinated efforts to create these symbols, which were reintroduced after singapore gained independence
how did singapore foster a sense of national identity in schools?
the national pledge, daily flag-raising ceremonies and recitation of pledge was introduced in schools to promote unity and belonging
what were some of the major social challenges singapore faced in its early years?
public health, housing, education and overcrowded and unsanitary living conditions
what organisation was established to address singapore’s housing shortage?
the housing and development board (HDB) was established
what was the initial goal of HDB?
it’s initial goal was to provide affordable and quality housing and remove ethnic enclaves
