Chpt. 1: Municipal Arboriculture Flashcards
Presence and concentration of pollutants in the air
Air quality
The primary atmospheric contaminants are?
Sulfur dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Ozone, Smog, Particulates
Pollutants produced by trees, that can contribute to the formation of ozone and carbon monoxide
biogenic volotile organic compounds
Atmospheric gas produced by animals during respiration and used by plants during photosynthesis to produce sugars; an important greenhouse gas
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Storage of carbon in plant tissues
Carbon sequestering
Organization that produces the Guide for Plant Appraisal.
Council of Tree and Landscape Appraisers (CTLA)
Improvements to the world (e.g. air and water quality) provided by the urban forest
Environmental benefits
Rise in temperature that the earth experiences because certain gases in the atmosphere trap energy from the sun
Greenhouse effect
Gasses in the atmosphere, including water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane, that trap the energy form the sun, increasing the earth’s temperature
Greenhouse gases
Organic chemical compound containing hydrogen and carbon atoms. Hydrocarbons from fossil fuels are linked to pollution and global warming
Hydrocarbon
A specialized field of arboriculture and urban forestry that deals with management of planted and naturally occurring greenspaces on public land in communities
Municipal arboriculture
Gaseous compounds that results from the high temperatures in internal combustion engines, which in turn causes atmospheric nitrogen to combine with oxygen. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is one of the major components of acid rain.
Nitrogen oxides
Reduction of sound levels
Noise attenuation
Gas formed by photochemical reaction of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds ( hydrocarbons) in ultraviolet light and moisture
Ozone
Small solids suspended in the air that are generated by combustion of fossil fuels, construction and demolition, industrial processes, soil tillage and erosion, and complex reactions between sunlight and gaseous pollutants. Associated with respiratory and cardiopulmonary diseases and cancer
Particulates
A component of smog; causes respiratory problems and eye irritation; toxic to plants in high concentrations
Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN)
A method to appraise the monetary value of trees considered replaceable with nursery or field-grown stock. Based on the cost of replacement with the same or a comparable species of the same size and in the same place, subject to depreciation for various factors.
Replacement cost method (RCM)
A mix of atmospheric chemical compounds including ozone, peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), nitrogen oxides, and hydrocarbons that react chemically when exposed to ultraviolet light
Smog
Generated from rain and snowmelt that flows over land or impervious surfaces, such as paved streets, parking lots, and building rooftops, and does not soak into the ground. (peak loading of a stormwater system)
Stormwater runoff
The most abundant gaseous pollutant; results form the burning of coal and oil. SOs can be a respiratory irritant. It is one of the major components of acid rain.
Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
Method to appraise the monetary value of trees considered too large to be replaced with nursery or field-grown stock. Based on developing a representative unit cost for replacement with the same or comparable species of the same size, and in the same place, subject to depreciation for various factors.
Trunk formula method (TFM)
Management of naturally occurring and planted trees and associated plants in urban areas
Urban forestry
A phenomenon of cities having air temperatures warmer than adjacent rural areas and producing more smog
Urban heat island
