Chpt 1 Evolution of Psychology

Question 1

Psyche

Answer 1

spirit/soul

human mind

Question 2

soul

Answer 2

spiritual/immortal elements in a person

a person’s mental/moral/emotional nature

Question 3

who established the first psych lab and where?

Answer 3

wilhelm wundt in 1879 at the U of Leipzig in Germany

Question 4

prior to what year did psychology not exist as an independent field of study? or what year was the first psych lab developed?

Answer 4

1879

Question 5

who made campaigned to make psychology an independent study?

Answer 5

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 6

before psychology was established, who studied the questions about the mind?

Answer 6

physiology and philosophy scholars

Question 7

who established the first psych research lab in the US?

Answer 7

G Stanley Hall

Question 8

what happened between 1883-1893?

Answer 8

24 new psych labs in the US, largest growth

Question 9

What is structuralism and who fought for it?

Answer 9

analyze consciousness into basic elements (similar to how physicists study how matter is made up of basic particles) Edward Titchener

Question 10

What is introspection?

Answer 10

a process by which a person makes careful, systematic self-observations of ones own conciliatory experience

Question 11

What is functionalism and who fought for it?

Answer 11

investigate function or purpose of consciousness rather than its structure
William James

Question 12

what does unconscious mean?

Answer 12

outside awareness

Question 13

Who founded the psychoanalytic school of thought?

Answer 13

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) Austria

Question 14

What does the psychoanalytic school of thought study?

Answer 14

unconscious processes influencing behavior

Question 15

See slide 7 on Chapter 1

Answer 15

freud’s ideas & controversy

Question 16

Who founded Behaviorism?

Answer 16

John B Watson

Question 17

definition of psychology

Answer 17

science that studies behavior & the physiological & cognitive processes that underlie it. it’s the profession that applied the accumulated knowledge of this science to practical problems

Question 18

behavior definition

Answer 18

overt or observable responses or activities

Question 19

what is the study of behaviorism?

Answer 19

a science approach to psychology that focuses on environmental influences on behavior

Question 20

nature vs nurture

Answer 20

an argument by John Watson on whether innate biology or life experience influences our behavior

Question 21

Stimulus-Response Relationships

Answer 21

a change in environment is the stimulus & the reaction of the organism is the response

behaviorism tries to understand through analysis of S-R psychology

Question 22

what type of psychology insists that environmental stimuli causes most behaviors?

Answer 22

S-R psychology or Stimulus and Response Psychology

Watson

Question 23

BF Skinner focused on what behavior?

Answer 23

observable behavior
said that responses that lead to positive outcomes are repeated & responses that lead to negative outcome aren’t repeated

Question 24

BF Skinner’s study

Answer 24

study with animals that proved animals repeated tasks with good reward but did not repeat tasks with bad or no reward

said that people’s behavior is governed by environmental stimuli and not by themselves. said free will is an illusion.

Question 25

Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers studied what?

Answer 25

Humanism

Question 26

what is humanism?

Answer 26

focuses on the unique qualities of humans, especially free will and potential for personal growth

Question 27

what is cognition?

Answer 27

mental process involved in acquiring knowledge

Question 28

Piaget, Chomsky, and Simon did what?

Answer 28

paved a new path in psychology by using scientific methods for studying cognitive processes.

Question 29

cognitive psychology is said to be what?

Answer 29

the dominant perspective in psychology

Question 30

biological perspective?

Answer 30

behavior explained in terms of physiological process studies interrelations among mind, body, & behavior

Question 31

James Olds did what?

Answer 31

demonstrated that animals could be made to experience emotions such as pleasure and anger though brain stimulation

Question 32

Roger Sperry did what?

Answer 32

demonstrated that the left and right halves of the brain have specialized functions and handle different tasks

Question 33

what is ethnocentrism?

Answer 33

viewing one's own group as superior and as the standard of judging

Question 34

what happened in the 1980s?

Answer 34

increased interest in how cultural factor influence behaviors & the studying of previously underrepresented groups (nonwhites & women)

Question 35

evolutionary psychology

Answer 35

natural selection occurs for behavioral characteristics as well as physical

Question 36

What did Buss, Daly, Wilson, Cosmides, & Tooby do in the 80s and 90s?

Answer 36

led the new evolutionary psychology movement & gave life to the first new theoretical perspective in psychology. they studied the natural selection of mating preferences, jealousy, aggression, sexual behavior, language, decision making, personally, and development

Question 37

Slide 17 on Chapter 1

Answer 37

See Chart for 6 theoretical perspectives in psychology

Question 38

what are the 7 major research areas in psychology?

Answer 38

developmental, social, experimental, physiological, cognitive, personality, & psychometrics

Question 39

what are the 4 major applied areas of specialization in psychology?

Answer 39

clinical, counseling, educational, industrial

Question 40

Seven Organizing Themes of Psychology

Answer 40

See Slide 24 on Chapter 1