Chpt 1

Question 1

What is abstract reasoning?

Answer 1

the ability to make and manipulate models. One of four key skills for nonroutine cognitive thinking.

Question 2

Bell’s Law

Answer 2

“a new computer class forms roughly each decade establishing a new industry.”1 In other words, digital devices will evolve so quickly that they will enable new platforms, programming environments, industries, networks, and information systems every 10 years.

Question 3

Collaboration

Answer 3

the activity of two or more people working together to achieve a common goal, result, or work product.
Not about being nice, but giving and receiving critical feedback.

Question 4

Computer hardware

Answer 4

Electronic components and related gadgetry that input, process, output, store, and communicate data according to the instructions encoded in computer programs or software. One of the five fundamental components of an information system.

Question 5

Computer-based information system

Answer 5

We have defined an information system to include a computer. Some people would say that such a system is a computer-based information system.
Vs a calendar

Question 6

Data

Answer 6

Recorded facts or figures. One of the five fundamental components of an information system.

Ex: James Smith earns $70.00 per hour and that Mary Jones earns $50.00 per hour

Question 7

Five Components of an Information System

Answer 7

computer hardware, software, data, procedures, and people. These five components are present in every information system, from the simplest to the most complex.

Question 8

Information Age & digital revolution

Answer 8

You’ve probably heard that we live in the Information Age, or a period in history where the production, distribution, and control of information is the primary driver of the economy. The Information Age started in the 1970s with the Digital Revolution, or the conversion from mechanical and analog devices to digital devices.

Question 9

Experimentation

Answer 9

Successful experimentation is not throwing buckets of money at every crazy idea that enters your head. Instead, experimentation is making a reasoned analysis of an opportunity, envisioning potential solutions, evaluating those possibilities, and developing the most promising ones, consistent with the resources you have.

Question 10

Information- most common

Answer 10

1. most common definition is that information is knowledge derived from data. Ex: the average hourly wage of all the graphic designers is $60.00 per hour

Question 11

Information- 2

Answer 11

2. information is data presented in a meaningful context. Ex: Jeff Parks earns less than half the average hourly wage of the company’s graphic designers

Question 12

Information- 3

Answer 12

Another definition of information that you will hear is that information is processed data or, sometimes, information is data processed by summing, ordering, averaging, grouping, comparing, or other similar operations. The fundamental idea of this definition is that we do something to data to produce information.

Question 13

Information- 4

Answer 13

psychologist Gregory Bateson. He defined information as a difference that makes a difference.

Question 14

IS

Answer 14

An information system (IS) is an assembly of hardware, software, data, procedures, and people that produces information.

Question 15

IT

Answer 15

information technology (IT) refers to the products, methods, inventions, and standards used for the purpose of producing information.

Question 16

How are MIS, IS, and IT different?

Answer 16

You cannot buy an IS. But you can buy IT; you can buy or lease hardware, you can license programs and databases, and you can even obtain predesigned procedures. Ultimately, however, it is your people who will assemble the IT you purchase and execute those procedures to employ that new IT. Information technology drives the development of new information systems.

For any new system, you will always have training tasks (and costs), you will always have the need to overcome employees’ resistance to change, and you will always need to manage the employees as they use the new system. Hence, you can buy IT, but you cannot buy IS. Once your new information system is up and running, it must be managed and used effectively in order to achieve the organization’s overall strategy. This is MIS.

Question 17

Kryder’s Law

Answer 17

named after Mark Kryder, the former chief technology officer of Seagate Corp., says that the storage density on magnetic disks is increasing at an exponential rate.

Question 18

MIS

Answer 18

stands for management information systems, which we define as the management and use of information systems that help organizations achieve their strategies.

Question 19

Metcalfe’s Law

Answer 19

named after Robert Metcalfe, the inventor of Ethernet. Metcalfe’s Law states that the value of a network is equal to the square of the number of users connected to it. In other words, as more digital devices are connected together, the value of that network will increase.3 See Figure 1-2. Metcalfe’s Law can be clearly seen in the dramatic rise of the Internet in the 1990s.

Question 20

Moore’s Law

Answer 20

1965, Gordon Moore, cofounder of Intel Corporation, stated that because of technology improvements in electronic chip design and manufacturing, “The number of transistors per square inch on an integrated chip doubles every 18 months.” This became known as Moore’s Law. His statement has been commonly misunderstood to be “The speed of a computer doubles every 18 months,” which is incorrect but captures the sense of his principle.

Because of Moore’s Law, the ratio of price to performance of computer processors has fallen dramatically.

Question 21

Nielsen’s Law

Answer 21

And it’s not just the number of users on the network that’s changing the way we use digital devices—it’s the speed of the network. Nielsen’s Law, named after Jakob Nielsen, says that network connection speeds for high-end users will increase by 50 percent per year. As networks become faster, new companies, new products, and new platforms will emerge.

Question 22

People

Answer 22

As part of the five-component framework, one of the five fundamental components of an information system; includes those who operate and service the computers, those who maintain the data, those who support the networks, and those who use the system. Information exists only in the minds of people.

Question 23

Procedures

Answer 23

Instructions for humans. One of the five fundamental components of an information system.

Question 24

Software

Answer 24

Instructions for computers. One of the five fundamental components of an information system.

Question 25

Strong passwords

Answer 25

Have at least 12 characters; 14 is even better
Not contain your username, real name, or company name
Not contain a complete dictionary word in any language
Be different from previous passwords you have used
Contain both upper- and lowercase letters, numbers, and special characters (such as ~ ! @; # $ % ^ &; * () _+; =; {} | []: “; ’ <; >;?,./)

Hard to remember
Base them on first letters of the words in a phrase
Don’t reuse every website

Question 26

System

Answer 26

A group of components that interact to achieve some purpose. As you might guess, an information system (IS) is a group of components that interacts to produce information.

Question 27

Systems thinking

Answer 27

ability to model the components of the system to connect the inputs and outputs among those components into a sensible whole that reflects the structure and dynamics of the phenomenon observed.

Question: Can you go to a grocery store, look at a can of green beans, and connect that can to U.S. immigration policy?

Question 28

Technology Skills Gap

Answer 28

The mismatch between the high level of tech skills demanded by employers and the low level of tech skills held by employees is known as the ­technology skills gap