CHP6 Flashcards
What are the challenges of using crime rates and crime clearance rates to assess police effectiveness?
Crime rates can be misleading; an increase might mean either more crime or better detection.
Clearance rates focus on solving cases but don’t account for non-crime-related police duties like community engagement.
These metrics ignore factors like poverty, addiction, and family dysfunction, which contribute to crime.
What are additional measures of police effectiveness beyond crime rates and clearance rates?
Community and victim satisfaction with police.
Feeling of safety in the community.
Success in target-hardening and problem-solving.
Engagement in collaborative partnerships with other community organizations.
Addressing the needs of vulnerable groups like LGBTQ2S+ people and Indigenous peoples.
How do the professional model of policing, community policing, and community-based strategic policing compare?
Professional policing: Focuses on random patrol, rapid response, and reactive investigation, with limited community engagement.
Community policing: Emphasizes prevention, problem-solving, and partnerships, with a proactive role in the community.
Community-based strategic policing: Integrates community engagement with crime suppression, using analytics and strategic deployment.
What is intelligence-led policing and give examples of related strategies?
Intelligence-led policing is guided by data collection and analysis to inform decisions on crime prevention and response.
Examples include crime mapping to identify hotspots, criminal intelligence analysis to detect relationships among offenders, and predictive policing to forecast crime.
What are the promises and concerns of using data-driven predictive policing?
Promise: Increases efficiency in resource deployment, reduces break-and-enter crimes, and aids in preventing crime when combined with community policing.
Concerns: Can exacerbate bias, target marginalized communities, and raise privacy concerns. It may overlook social problems associated with crime like poverty and addiction.
What are primary, secondary, and tertiary forms of crime prevention and provide examples of each?
Primary prevention: Alters environments to reduce opportunities for crime, e.g., CCTV, improved lighting.
Secondary prevention: Targets at-risk groups to prevent crime, e.g., D.A.R.E. programs, interventions for vulnerable youth.
Tertiary prevention: Prevents reoffending among those already involved in crime, e.g., diversion programs for first-time offenders.
What are the various forms of crime response strategies including broken-windows policing, zero-tolerance policing, problem-oriented policing, and hot-spot policing?
Broken-windows policing: Targets minor disorder to prevent more serious crime.
Zero-tolerance policing: Strict enforcement of laws, often leading to increased arrests.
Problem-oriented policing (POP): Focuses on identifying and addressing the root causes of crime using the
SARA model (Scanning, Analysis, Response, Assessment).
Hot-spot policing: Deploys resources to specific areas with high crime concentrations.
What is crime displacement and how does it relate to measuring the effectiveness of policing strategies?
Crime displacement occurs when crime moves to a different location due to police interventions. It can undermine the success of crime prevention strategies if not addressed on a community-wide basis.
What are the various crime investigation strategies?
Crime scene investigation: Collects physical evidence from crime scenes.
Forensic investigation: Analyzes scientific evidence like DNA.
Interviewing & interrogation: Gathers information from suspects and witnesses.
Surveillance: Observes suspects to gather information.
Undercover operations: Infiltrates criminal organizations.
Criminal profiling: Attempts to predict a criminal’s characteristics based on evidence.
What are the concerns regarding the effectiveness and scientific validity of criminal profiling?
Concerns: Lack of scientific evidence for accuracy, sometimes no better than chance.
Studies show limited success in using profiles to identify offenders.
Critics argue it can lead to bias and is not a reliable investigative tool.
