CHP.3 NERVOUS SYSTEMS ORGANIZATION Flashcards
Tissue Plasminogen activator (t-PA
breaks up clots and allows normal blood flow to return to the affected region.
Hemorrhagic stroke
Results from a burst vessel bleeding into the brain
Nuclei
Groups of neurons in the central nervous system
Groups of axons within the central nervous system
Tracts
What is Rostral-Caudal
Nose to tail axis of the body
Back to front axis of the body is called
Dorsal-Ventral
Structures that lie on the same side are called?
Ipsilateral
Structures that lie on opposite sides are called?
Contralateral
Structures close to one another are called?
Proximal
Structures that are far away from each other are called
distal
Afferent
Any movement TOWARDS a brain structure
Efferent
Any movement AWAY from the brain structure.
What is the Pre-central gyrus
The gyrus lying in front of the central sulcus
This part of the brain is also known as “Jackson’s Strip”, after John Hughlings-Jackson, who noted that in epileptic attacks, the body’s limbs convulse in an orderly arrangement, suggesting to him that the representation of the body in the brain is also orderly
Pre-central gyrus (the motor strip)
What does the somatic nervous system do?
Transmits incoming sensory information to the Central Nervous System. (This includes vision, hearing, pain, temperature, touch, and the position and movement of body parts, and produces movements in response).
This nervous system controls the functioning of the body’s internal organs to “rest and digest” through the parasympathetic nerves or to “ fight or flight” through the sympathetic nerves
Autonomic Nervous System
The brain and spinal cord are supported and protected from injury and infection in 4 ways. what are they?
- The Skull and vertebrae
- Triple-layered set of membranes (The Meninges)
- Both cushioned by cerebrospinal fluid
- Blood brain barrier
What are the Outer, Middle and inner layers of meninges?
Outer- Dura mater
Middle- Arachnoid Membrane
Inner- Pia mater
D.A.P
This is continually being made and drained off into the circulatory system through connecting channels among the ventricles.
Cerebrospinal fluid
How does the Blood brain barrier protect the brain and spinal cord.
By limiting the movement of chemicals from the rest of the body into the CNS and by protecting it from toxic substances and infection
What type of glial cell stimulates the cells of capillaries to form tight junctions with one another, thus preventing many blood borne substances from crossing from the capillaries into the CNS tissues
Astroglia
How many arteries does the brain receive blood from? (Specify what they’re called)
The brain receives from 4 arteries
- Two Carotid Arteries
- Two Vertebral Arteries
What are the 3 Cerebral Arteries that irrigate the forebrain?
- Anterior Cerebral Artery
- Middle Cerebral Artery
- Posterior Cerebral Artery
Which Cerebral Artery irrigates the medial and dorsal parts of the cortex
Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA)
Which Cerebral artery irrigates the lateral surface of the cortex?
Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA)
Which of the Cerebral Artery irrigates the ventral and posterior surfaces of the cortex?
Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA)
What is a Neural stem cell?
A self renewing, multi-potential cell that gives rise to any of the different types of neurons and glia in the nervous system
The brain originates in a single undifferentiated ______________
Neural stem cell
In the developing embryo, stem cells give rise to ________ cells, which migrate and act as precursor cells
Progenitor (AKA precursor Cell)
An immature neuron or glial cell
A blast
Name the 3 basic types of neurons
a) Sensory Neuron
b) Interneurons
c) Motor Neurons
What do sensory neurons do?
Bring information to the Central Nervous System
What does the Interneuron do?
Interneurons within the brain and spinal cord link up sensory- and motor-neuron activity in the Central Nervous System
These neurons are located in the brainstem and spinal cord, and project to facial and body muscles.
Motor Neurons.
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