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Bio 156 (2) > Chp. 9 Joints > Flashcards

Chp. 9 Joints Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Arthrology

A

study of joints

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2
Q

Kinesiology

A

study of motion of human body

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3
Q

Orthopaedics

A

branch of surgery concerned with disorders of spine, joints, and repair of deformities or injuries

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4
Q

Articulation = _____

A

joints

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5
Q

Functions of Joints

A
  1. hold bone together
  2. hold bone to cartilage
  3. hold bone to tooth
  4. allow rigid skeleton degree of flexibility for body movement
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6
Q

Joints are classified by _____ and _____

A

structure, function

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7
Q

Structure: ____, _____, _____, _____

A

fibrous
cartilaginous
bony
synovial

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8
Q

functional classification of joints are classified based on __________ at joint

A

amount of movement

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9
Q

3 functional classifications of joints?

A
  1. synarthrosis
  2. amphiarthrosis
  3. diarthrosis
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10
Q

Synarthrosis

A

immovable, very strong

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11
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A

slightly movable, still strong

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12
Q

Diarthrosis

A

freely movable, very flexible

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13
Q

4 types of Synarthroses (no movement)

A
  1. suture
  2. gomphosis
  3. synchondrosis
  4. synostosis
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14
Q

Suture: ____
Gomphosis: ____
Synchondrosis: _____
Synostosis: _____

A

fibrous
fibrous
cartilaginous
bony

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15
Q

2 types of Amphiarthrosis (little movement)

A

syndesmoses

symphysis

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16
Q

type of Diarthrosis (free movement)

A

all synovial joints

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17
Q

3 components of synovial joints?

A
  1. articular cartilage
  2. joint capsule
  3. synovial fluid
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18
Q

synovial joints contain _____

A

synovial fluid

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19
Q

Synovial Fluid has consistency of _______ and contains ______

A

egg yolk, proteoglycans

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20
Q

5 accessory structures of synovial joints?

A
  1. cartilage/fat pads
  2. menisci
  3. ligaments
  4. tendons
  5. bursae
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21
Q

5 accessory structures of complex synovial joints?

A
  1. bursa
  2. fat pad
  3. meniscus
  4. extra capsular ligament
  5. intracapsular ligament
22
Q

Articular Cartilage:

A

cover articulating surfaces, separated by synovial fluid

23
Q

Meniscus:

A

fibrocartilage pad between opposing bones

24
Q

Fat Pads:

A

adipose tissue covered by synovial membrane, protect articular cartilages

25
Q

Ligaments:

A

Support and strengthen joint

26
Q

Sprain:

A

ligament with torn collagen fibers

27
Q

Tendons:

A

attach to muscles around joint, may limit range motion provide mechanical support

28
Q

Bursae:

A

small pockets synovial fluid, cushion areas where tendons or ligaments rub against other tissues

29
Q

what are synovial joints categorized by? (2 things)

A
  1. amount movement allowed

2. shape of articulating surfaces

30
Q

6 types of Synovial Joints?

A
  1. Plane/Gliding
  2. Hinge
  3. Condylar/Ellipsoidal
  4. Saddle
  5. Pivot
  6. Ball and Socket
31
Q

Plane/Gliding:

eg:

A
  • surface flat or slightly curved

- inter carpal and inter tarsal joints

32
Q

Hinge:
eg:

A
  • rounded process of one bone fits into concave surface of another bone
  • elbow, knee
33
Q

Condylar/Ellipsoidal:

eg:

A
  • oval condyle fits into oval depression

- wrist

34
Q

Saddle:
eg:

A
  • surfaces are saddle shaped

- thumb, metacarpal

35
Q

Pivot:
eg:

A

rounded surface of one bone joints shallow depression or foramen in another bone
-atlas and axis

36
Q

Ball and Socket:

eg:

A
  • ball shaped head fits into deep depression

- shoulder and hip

37
Q

Arthroscopy:

A

visual examination of interior of joint with an arthroscope

38
Q

Arthroplasty:

A

joint replacement surgery

39
Q

Arthroscopic Surgery:

A

eg. knee arthroscopy

40
Q

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Surgery

A

ACL

41
Q

Sprain:

A

forcible twisting of joint that stretches or tears its ligaments, doesn’t dislocate bones

42
Q

Strain:

A

stretched or partially torn muscle

43
Q

Dislocation:

A

displacement of bone from joint with resulting tearing of ligaments, tendons and articular capsules

44
Q

Subluxation:

A

incomplete dislocation

45
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis:

A

autoimmune disorder in which immune system attacks cartilage and synovial membranes

46
Q

Osteoarthritis:

_____ cartilage degenerates and new bone is deposited on exposed ends of bones forming ____

A
  • degenerative joint disease which joint cartilage gradually lost
  • articular, spurs
47
Q

Gout:
____ accumulate in soft tissues such as ___, ____, and ____
can be _____ dependent

A

excessive build up of uric acid in blood
salt, kidneys, cartilage, joints
temperature

48
Q

Bursitis:

patellar bursitis = “______”

A
  • inflammation of bursa

- patellar bursitis

49
Q

Bunion:

A

type of bursitis and ossification on toe

50
Q

Adhesions:

A

fibrous bands between bone surface

51
Q

Spurs:

A

excess bone tissue along joint edges

Bio 156 (2) (2 decks)

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