chp 8

Question 1

cell

Answer 1

basic unit of all forms of life

Question 2

cell theory

Answer 2

fundamental concept of biology that states that all living things are composed of cells; that cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things; and that new cells are produced from existing cells

Question 2

nucleus

Answer 2

in cells, structure that contains the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA

Question 3

cell membrane

Answer 3

thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells; regulates what enters and leaves the cell

Question 4

prokaryote

Answer 4

unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus

Question 5

eukaryote

Answer 5

organism whose cells contain a nucleus

Question 6

cytoplasm

Answer 6

fluid portion of the cell outside the nucleus

Question 7

ribosome

Answer 7

cell organelle consisting of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in a cell; the site of protein synthesis

Question 8

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 8

internal membrane system found in eukaryotic cells; place where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled

Question 9

golgi apparatus

Answer 9

organelle in cells that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or release outside the cell

Question 10

vacuole

Answer 10

cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates

Question 11

lysosome

Answer 11

cell organelle that breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell

Question 12

chloroplast

Answer 12

organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy

Question 13

mitochondria

Answer 13

cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use

Question 14

cell wall

Answer 14

strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in some cells

Question 15

selectivly premable

Answer 15

property of biological membranes that allows some substances to pass across it while others cannot; also called semipermeable membrane

Question 16

lipid

Answer 16

macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes

Question 17

homeostasis

Answer 17

a class of regulatory genes that determine the identity of body parts and regions in an animal embryo. Mutations in these genes can transform one body part into another.

Question 18

diffusion

Answer 18

process by which particles tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated

Question 19

osmosis

Answer 19

diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 20

isotonic

Answer 20

when the concentration of two solutions is the same

Question 21

hypertonic

Answer 21

when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes

Question 22

hypotonic

Answer 22

when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes

Question 23

tissue

Answer 23

group of similar cells that perform a particular function

Question 24

organ

Answer 24

group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions

Question 25

organ system

Answer 25

group of organs that work together to perform a specific function