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American Government > CHP 7,9,10 Review > Flashcards

CHP 7,9,10 Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Foreign Policy

A

Plans for dealing with other countries

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2
Q

What are the President’s roles?

A

Chief Executive,
Commander in Chief,
Chief Agenda Setter,
Representative of the Nation,
Chief of State,
Foreign-Policy Leader,
Party Leader

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3
Q

Chief Executive

A

Responsible for executing, or carrying out, the nation’s laws

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4
Q

Commander in Chief

A

Commands all military officers in both wartime & peacetime

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5
Q

Chief Agenda Setter

A

Constitution requires the president to from time to time give Congress information about the state of the Union.

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6
Q

Representative of the Nation

A

President represents all the people in a way Congress can’t

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7
Q

Chief of State

A

Symbolizes the United States and its people when he meets with foreign leaders

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8
Q

Foreign-Policy Leader

A

The goals of U.S. foreign policy are to promote trade and friendship with other countries while maintaining the security of the United States

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9
Q

Party Leader

A

Make speeches to help other party members who are running for public office

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10
Q

Qualifications for Presidency

A

Be a native-born U.S. citizen
Be at least 35 years old
Have been a U.S. resident for at least 14 years

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11
Q

Executive Orders

A

Detailed instructions, regulations, and rules that have the force of law

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12
Q

Executive Privilege

A

The president’s right not to hand over documents or to testify regarding matters that are believed by the president to be the executive branch’s confidential business

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13
Q

Alliances

A

Agreements between two or more countries to help each other for defense, economic, scientific, or other reasons

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14
Q

Modern Presidency

A

Modern presidents have used frequent speeches and media attention to try to reach the people

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15
Q

Imperial Presidency

A

Many people began to fear the presidential power was expanding dangerously during the presidencies of Lyndon Johnson and Richard Nixon in the 1960s and early 1970s

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16
Q

Presidency Today

A

Distrust of the president and of government in general has remained high long after the events of the 1960s and 1970s. This distrust is reflected in an increase in the number of investigations of gov. actions

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17
Q

Electoral College

A

A special body made up of people selected by each of the states

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18
Q

Caucus

A

A meeting of people, like members of a political party who gather to make decisions on political courses of action

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19
Q

Conventions

A

Party gatherings are held to nominate candidates, determine rules that govern the party, and make decisions about the party’s stance on issues of the day

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20
Q

Ways to Nominate

A

Self-Announcement
The Caucus
The Convention

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21
Q

Self-Announcement

A

A person who wants to run for office announces their candidacy. Whenever a write-in candidate appears on the ballot, the self-announcement process has been used.

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22
Q

The Caucus

A

Originally a private meeting of local bigwigs, the caucus as a nominating device fell out of favor in the 1820s

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23
Q

The Convention

A

Considered more democratic than the caucus, convention delegates were selected to represent the people’s wishes. Party bosses soon found ways to manipulate the system, however, and the convention system was on its way out by the early 1900s

24
Q

Primary Elections

A

State elections held before the national conventions that determine the candidates for each party

25
Q

General Election

A

A regular election of candidates for office, as opposed to a primary election

26
Q

Major Types of Federal Taxes

A

Individual Income Tax
Corporate Income Tax
Social Insurance Taxes

27
Q

Individual Income Tax

A

Federal government’s LARGEST source of revenue.
Levied on a person’s taxable income, including wages or salaries, business profits, tips, interest, and dividends.
A PROGRESSIVE tax - takes a larger % from a high-income person than from a low-income person

28
Q

Corporate Income Tax

A

Based on a corporation’s net income - all income earned above the cost of maintaining the business.
Most COMPLICATED federal tax
Federal Government’s third-largest source of revenue

29
Q

Medicare

A

Provides health care for the elderly

30
Q

Democrats

A

Favor higher and more progressive taxes in order to fund gov. programs to aid less-advantages citizens

31
Q

Republicans

A

Generally favor lower taxes

32
Q

Free-Enterprise System

A

It produces what consumers want

Supporters believe that private ownership and free markets will provide the best environment for economic growth

33
Q

Stabilization Goals

A

Full Employment
Low Inflation

34
Q

Full Employment

A

Loss of a job can cause serious problems even for two-income households
Unemployment hurts the general public because it lowers the total output of the economy

35
Q

Low Inflation

A

During economic upswings, harmful inflationary pressures can develop
Stabilization policy is designated to temper major growth booms in the economy, as well as recessions

36
Q

Monetary vs. Fiscal Policy

A

Monetary Policy
Can work faster than fiscal
Is controlled by an independent agency that is not
elected by the people
Fiscal Policy
Tied to annual budgets and involves a lag between
when an economic problem occurs and when the
shifts are actually felt
Made entirely by the president and Congress

37
Q

President’s Role

A

The budget process begins with the Office of Management and Budget’s guidelines about the overall fiscal situation that detail the kinds of programs the president wants to support or reduce

Each agency then uses those guidelines to develop a spending proposal

38
Q

Political Disagreements

A

Problem lies in obtaining a political majority for a plan that fairly distributes the pain of deficit reduction to all groups

39
Q

Foreign Policy Goals

A

Maintaining National Security
Supporting Democracy
Promoting World Peace
Providing Aid to People in Need
Establish Free and Open Trade

40
Q

Maintaining National Security

A

Nation Security - Protect the rights, freedoms, and property of the United States and its people

41
Q

Supporting Democracy

A

Aid other democratic nations as well as those moving toward democracy

42
Q

Promoting World Peace

A

U.S. actively becomes involved in resolving disputes between other countries

43
Q

Providing Aid to People in Need

A

Might come in the form of money, food, or military assistance

44
Q

Establish Free and Open Trade

A

Increasing the size of the market to which domestic businesses can sell their goods

Giving U.S. consumers a chance to buy goods from around the world

45
Q

Isolationism

A

Reflects the view that a nation should tend to its domestic affairs rather than international affairs

Supporters believe:
1) The U.S. has many domestic problems and the policymakers should focus on those exclusively
2) The U.S. should think like most countries and only worry about its own interests
3) Staying out of other countries affairs will keep the U.S. out of war

46
Q

Realism

A

The most dominant U.S foreign policy after WWII

They believe:
1) Countries are dangerous and are ruled by aggressive leaders trying to dominate other countries
2) A nation’s only tool for stopping an aggressive country is action
3) Avoiding participation in world affairs would lead to the U.S. becoming victims of another nation’s aggression
4) The U.S. must sometimes use force simply to show that it is military strong

47
Q

Neoisolationsim

A

Supporters believe:
1) The U.S. should keep its foreign involvement to a minimum
2) The U.S. should not interfere in other countries’ internal affairs (called noninterference)
3) It is ethically necessary to avoid war

48
Q

Role of the President

A

Influence Through General Acceptance
Influence as Commander in Chief
Influence Through Executive Agreements

49
Q

Influence Through General Acceptance

A

The primary reason that the people and Congress have allowed the president to assume this authority is that dealing with foreign governments and international crises often requires decisiveness and speed

Even when urgency is not an issue, Congress generally has accepted presidential influence over foreign policy

50
Q

Influence As Commander in Chief

A

Can also undertake military action in times of crisis without seeking congressional approval

Presidents have used this power not only in ordering short-term military strikes but also in committing military forces to serve in what have been called undeclared wars

51
Q

Influence Through Executive Agreements

A

These agreements do not require ratification by the Senate

52
Q

Defense Alliances

A

Agreements in which nations pledge to come to each other’s aid in case of attack

53
Q

Collective Security

A

Ensuring peace through the guarantee of mutual defense

54
Q

Multilateral Treaty

A

Agreement signed by several countries

55
Q

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

A

Formed in 1949, four years into the Cold War

All member countries agreed that “an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all.”

An example of a multilateral treaty

Includes 12 members today

For more than 10 years the focus of this alliance was mutual defense against Soviet aggression

American Government (1 decks)

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