Chp 7

Question 1

virus

Answer 1

a tiny, nonliving particle that invades and then reproduces inside a living cell

Question 2

host

Answer 2

the organism that a parasite or virus lives in or on

Question 3

parasite

Answer 3

the organism that benefits by living on or in a host in a parastism interaction

Question 4

bacteriophage

Answer 4

a virus that infects bacteria

Question 5

vaccine

Answer 5

a substance used in a vaccination that consists of weakened or killed pathogens that can trigger the immune system into action

Question 6

bacteria

Answer 6

single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus

Question 7

flagellum

Answer 7

a long, whiplike structure that helps a cell to move

Question 8

binary fission

Answer 8

a form of asexual reproduction in which one cell divides to form two identical cells

Question 9

asexual reproduction

Answer 9

a reproductive process that involves only 1 parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent

Question 10

sexual reproduction

Answer 10

a reproductive process that involves two parents that combine their genetic material to produce a new organism, which differs from both parents

Question 11

conjugation

Answer 11

the process in which a unicellular organism transfers some of its genetic material to another unicellular cell

Question 12

endospore

Answer 12

a small, rounded, thick-walled, resting cell that forms inside a bacterial cell

Question 13

pasteurization

Answer 13

relationship in which one organism lives on or in a host and harms it

Question 14

decomposer

Answer 14

an organism that breaks down chemicals from wastes and dead organisms, and returns important materials to the soil and water

Question 15

protist

Answer 15

a eukaryotic organism that cannot be classified as an animal, plant, or fungus

Question 16

protozoan

Answer 16

an animal-like protist

Question 17

pseudopod

Answer 17

a “false foot” or temporary bulge cytoplasm used for feeding and movement in some protozoan

Question 18

contractile vacuole

Answer 18

the cell structure that collects extra water from the cytoplasm and then expels it from the cell

Question 19

cilia

Answer 19

the hairlike projections on the outside of cells that move in a wavelike manner

Question 20

symbiosis

Answer 20

a close relationship between organisms of different species that benefits at least one of the organisms

Question 21

mutualism

Answer 21

a close relationship between organisms of two species in which both organisms benefit

Question 22

algae

Answer 22

plantlike protists

Question 23

spore

Answer 23

a tiny cell that is able to grow into a new organism

Question 24

fungi

Answer 24

eukaryotic organisms that have a cell wall, use spores to reproduce, and are heterotrophs that feed by absorbing food

Question 25

hyphae

Answer 25

the branching, threadlike tubes that make up the bodies of multicellular fungi

Question 26

fruiting body

Answer 26

the reproductive structure of a fungus that contains many hyphae and produces spores

Question 27

budding

Answer 27

form of asexual reproduction of yeast in which a new cell grows out of the body of a parent

Question 28

lichen

Answer 28

the combination of a fungus and either an alga or an autotrophic bacterium that live together in a mutualistic relationship