Chp 7 Flashcards
virus
a tiny, nonliving particle that invades and then reproduces inside a living cell
host
the organism that a parasite or virus lives in or on
parasite
the organism that benefits by living on or in a host in a parastism interaction
bacteriophage
a virus that infects bacteria
vaccine
a substance used in a vaccination that consists of weakened or killed pathogens that can trigger the immune system into action
bacteria
single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus
flagellum
a long, whiplike structure that helps a cell to move
binary fission
a form of asexual reproduction in which one cell divides to form two identical cells
asexual reproduction
a reproductive process that involves only 1 parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent
sexual reproduction
a reproductive process that involves two parents that combine their genetic material to produce a new organism, which differs from both parents
conjugation
the process in which a unicellular organism transfers some of its genetic material to another unicellular cell
endospore
a small, rounded, thick-walled, resting cell that forms inside a bacterial cell
pasteurization
relationship in which one organism lives on or in a host and harms it
decomposer
an organism that breaks down chemicals from wastes and dead organisms, and returns important materials to the soil and water
protist
a eukaryotic organism that cannot be classified as an animal, plant, or fungus
protozoan
an animal-like protist
pseudopod
a “false foot” or temporary bulge cytoplasm used for feeding and movement in some protozoan
contractile vacuole
the cell structure that collects extra water from the cytoplasm and then expels it from the cell
cilia
the hairlike projections on the outside of cells that move in a wavelike manner
symbiosis
a close relationship between organisms of different species that benefits at least one of the organisms
mutualism
a close relationship between organisms of two species in which both organisms benefit
algae
plantlike protists
spore
a tiny cell that is able to grow into a new organism
fungi
eukaryotic organisms that have a cell wall, use spores to reproduce, and are heterotrophs that feed by absorbing food
hyphae
the branching, threadlike tubes that make up the bodies of multicellular fungi
fruiting body
the reproductive structure of a fungus that contains many hyphae and produces spores
budding
form of asexual reproduction of yeast in which a new cell grows out of the body of a parent
lichen
the combination of a fungus and either an alga or an autotrophic bacterium that live together in a mutualistic relationship
