Chp. 6 Infections / Chp. 5 Needs Flashcards
Localized infection
- limited to specific location in the body
- Redness, swelling, pain, heat, drainage (site of infection)
Systemic infection
- pathogens enter bloodstream and move throughout body
- fever, chills, headaches, abnormal vital signs
HAI
- Healthcare associated infection
Chain of infection
- Causative agent
- Reservoir
- Portal of exit (transmission)
- Portal of entry
- Susceptible host
Why are elderly at risk for infection
- age
- weaker skin (thinner)
- weak bones (infection)
- Catheters/ intubation
- Malnourishment/ dehydration
What are bloodborne pathogens
- pathogens that spread throught out the blood and are transmitted by bodily fuids
HIV
- what does it do?
- how is transmitted?
- human immunodeficiency syndrome
- weakens immune system
- transmitted by blood / STD
Hepatitis
- cause?
- inflammation in liver
- caused by virus, alcohol abuse, med, trama
Hep B/C
- what type of disease?
- transmission?
- s/s
- blood borne disease
- contracted by STD, contaminated materials
- cuases fatigue, n/v, juandice, diahreaa, abdominal pain
- leads to cirrhosis (liver damage) / cancer
Hep E/C
- transmission?
- s/s?
- spread by fecal matter oral route
- s/s fever, lose of appetite, vomiting, jaundice, dark urine, joint pain
- hep vaccine
MDROs
- multi drug resistant organisms
- bacteria has built up resistance against antimicrobial
MRSA
- transmission?
- methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus
- bacteria resistant against methicillin
- spread with direct contact
VRE
- where is located?
- transmission?
- s/s?
- Vancomycin resistant enterococcus
- bacteria in GI/ Urinary tract
- spread by physical contact
- s/s fever, chills, fatigue, drainage
- Prevented with hand hygiene
CRE
- transmission?
- risk factors?
- prevention?
- treatment?
- Carbapenem resistant enterobacteriaceae
- normal flora infections can be controlled by carbapenems
- spread by physical contact
- higher risk in ventilators/ catheters
- Prevented with hand hygiene
- treated with antibiotics
C. Difficile
- location?
- risk factors?
- prevention?
- treatment?
- clostridium difficile
- spore forming bacteria in GI-tract
- high risk in surgery/intubation
- hand hygiene/disinfection as prevention
- treated with (FMT): fecal microbiota transplant - transplant healthy stool into colon
Airborne transmission
- pathogens spreading through air
- negative pressure room - controlled air flow
- TB - Tuberculosis, Covid
Droplet transmission
- spread by droplets in the air (up to 6ft) temporarily
- precaution: hand hygiene, masks, food restrictions
- ex. Influenza, Cold
Contact transmission
- spread by direct contact physically/fluids
- precaution: hand hygien, PPE, single use equipment
- EX. Clostridiodes dofficile
What is holistic care?
- including Psychosocial, emotional, spiritual needs
- person centered care
Maslows Hierarchy of Needs
1st: Physical - met to survive
2nd: safety - safe environment
3rd: love - sense of belonging
4th: Self esteem- self worth, encourage independence
5th: self actualization - create/realize own potential
Nuclear family
- two parents w/ children
Single parent
- one parent w/ children
Married
Committed parents w/ children
Extended family
- relatives (sometimes friends)
Blended family
- remarried parents with children from previous relationships
Intellectual disability
- below average development
- difficulty with memory, cognitive skills, communication
CP
- what is it / cause?
- Cerebral palsy - movement in balance/ control over body
- caused by brain trauma during fetal condition
- lack of coordination
Spina Bifida
- what is it / cause?
- neural tube defect
- spine doesn’t develop properly
- trouble with abbulation, bowl functions, orthopedic issues, learning disabilities
Autism spectrum disorder
- s/s
- treatments?
- affects social/ communication skills
- repetitive behavior/ intense interest
- physical, speech, occupational therapy
- common among males
FXS
- what is it / cause?
- diagnosis?
- Fragile X Syndrome - genetic disorder impacting brain development
- intellectual disability, speech, emotional, social problems
- minor symptoms in females
- diagnosis by blood test
