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CNA > Chp. 6 Infections / Chp. 5 Needs > Flashcards

Chp. 6 Infections / Chp. 5 Needs Flashcards

1
Q

Localized infection

A
  • limited to specific location in the body
  • Redness, swelling, pain, heat, drainage (site of infection)
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2
Q

Systemic infection

A
  • pathogens enter bloodstream and move throughout body
  • fever, chills, headaches, abnormal vital signs
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3
Q

HAI

A
  • Healthcare associated infection
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4
Q

Chain of infection

A
  1. Causative agent
  2. Reservoir
  3. Portal of exit (transmission)
  4. Portal of entry
  5. Susceptible host
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5
Q

Why are elderly at risk for infection

A
  • age
  • weaker skin (thinner)
  • weak bones (infection)
  • Catheters/ intubation
  • Malnourishment/ dehydration
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6
Q

What are bloodborne pathogens

A
  • pathogens that spread throught out the blood and are transmitted by bodily fuids
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7
Q

HIV
- what does it do?
- how is transmitted?

A
  • human immunodeficiency syndrome
  • weakens immune system
  • transmitted by blood / STD
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8
Q

Hepatitis
- cause?

A
  • inflammation in liver
  • caused by virus, alcohol abuse, med, trama
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9
Q

Hep B/C
- what type of disease?
- transmission?
- s/s

A
  • blood borne disease
  • contracted by STD, contaminated materials
  • cuases fatigue, n/v, juandice, diahreaa, abdominal pain
  • leads to cirrhosis (liver damage) / cancer
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10
Q

Hep E/C
- transmission?
- s/s?

A
  • spread by fecal matter oral route
  • s/s fever, lose of appetite, vomiting, jaundice, dark urine, joint pain
  • hep vaccine
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11
Q

MDROs

A
  • multi drug resistant organisms
  • bacteria has built up resistance against antimicrobial
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12
Q

MRSA
- transmission?

A
  • methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus
  • bacteria resistant against methicillin
  • spread with direct contact
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13
Q

VRE
- where is located?
- transmission?
- s/s?

A
  • Vancomycin resistant enterococcus
  • bacteria in GI/ Urinary tract
  • spread by physical contact
  • s/s fever, chills, fatigue, drainage
  • Prevented with hand hygiene
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14
Q

CRE
- transmission?
- risk factors?
- prevention?
- treatment?

A
  • Carbapenem resistant enterobacteriaceae
  • normal flora infections can be controlled by carbapenems
  • spread by physical contact
  • higher risk in ventilators/ catheters
  • Prevented with hand hygiene
  • treated with antibiotics
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15
Q

C. Difficile
- location?
- risk factors?
- prevention?
- treatment?

A
  • clostridium difficile
  • spore forming bacteria in GI-tract
  • high risk in surgery/intubation
  • hand hygiene/disinfection as prevention
  • treated with (FMT): fecal microbiota transplant - transplant healthy stool into colon
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16
Q

Airborne transmission

A
  • pathogens spreading through air
  • negative pressure room - controlled air flow
  • TB - Tuberculosis, Covid
17
Q

Droplet transmission

A
  • spread by droplets in the air (up to 6ft) temporarily
  • precaution: hand hygiene, masks, food restrictions
  • ex. Influenza, Cold
18
Q

Contact transmission

A
  • spread by direct contact physically/fluids
  • precaution: hand hygien, PPE, single use equipment
  • EX. Clostridiodes dofficile
19
Q

What is holistic care?

A
  • including Psychosocial, emotional, spiritual needs
  • person centered care
20
Q

Maslows Hierarchy of Needs

A

1st: Physical - met to survive
2nd: safety - safe environment
3rd: love - sense of belonging
4th: Self esteem- self worth, encourage independence
5th: self actualization - create/realize own potential

21
Q

Nuclear family

A
  • two parents w/ children
22
Q

Single parent

A
  • one parent w/ children
23
Q

Married

A

Committed parents w/ children

24
Q

Extended family

A
  • relatives (sometimes friends)
25
Q

Blended family

A
  • remarried parents with children from previous relationships
26
Q

Intellectual disability

A
  • below average development
  • difficulty with memory, cognitive skills, communication
27
Q

CP
- what is it / cause?

A
  • Cerebral palsy - movement in balance/ control over body
  • caused by brain trauma during fetal condition
  • lack of coordination
28
Q

Spina Bifida
- what is it / cause?

A
  • neural tube defect
  • spine doesn’t develop properly
  • trouble with abbulation, bowl functions, orthopedic issues, learning disabilities
29
Q

Autism spectrum disorder
- s/s
- treatments?

A
  • affects social/ communication skills
  • repetitive behavior/ intense interest
  • physical, speech, occupational therapy
  • common among males
30
Q

FXS
- what is it / cause?
- diagnosis?

A
  • Fragile X Syndrome - genetic disorder impacting brain development
  • intellectual disability, speech, emotional, social problems
  • minor symptoms in females
  • diagnosis by blood test

CNA (1 decks)

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