Chp.. 6 - Communicating with Older Adults

Question 1

Presbyopia

Answer 1

decreased accommodation for near vision

Question 2

Presbycusis

Answer 2

loss of high frequency sounds; sensorineural hearing loss that also affects the ability to understand speech

Question 3

Ageism

Answer 3

the systematic stereotyping of, and discrimination against, people because they are old

Question 4

Elderspeak

Answer 4

a form of ageism in which younger people alter their speech, based on the assumption that all older people have difficulty understanding and comprehending

Question 5

Sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 5

results from damage to any part of the inner ear or the neural pathways to the brain

Question 6

Conductive hearing loss

Answer 6

involves abnormalities of the external and middle ear that reduce the ability of sound to be transmitted to the middle ear

Question 7

Tinnitus

Answer 7

the perception of sound in one or both ears or in the head when no external sound is present; “ringing in the ears”

Question 8

Glaucoma

Answer 8

when the natural fluids of the eye are blocked by ciliary muscle rigidity and the buildup of pressure, damage to the optic nerve occurs; loss in visual fields (peripheral)

Question 9

Cataracts

Answer 9

recognized by the clouding of the ordinarily clear ocular lens; cardinal sign = the appearance of halos around objects as light is diffused

Question 10

Diabetic Retinopathy

Answer 10

a disease of the retinal microvasculature characterized by increased vessel permeability

Question 11

Macular Degeneration

Answer 11

degenerative eye disease that affects the macula, the central part of the eye responsible for clear central vision; causes the progressive loss of central vision, leaving only peripheral vision intact

Question 12

Anomia

Answer 12

word retrieval difficulties during spontaneous speech and naming tasks

Question 13

Aphasia

Answer 13

acquired communication disorder that impairs a person’s ability to process language, but does not affect intelligence

Question 14

Fluent Aphasia

Answer 14

the ability to grasp the meaning of spoken words is chiefly impaired, whereas the ease of producing connected speech is not much affected

Question 15

Nonfluent Aphasia

Answer 15

speech output is severely reduced and is limited mainly to short utterances of less than four words

Question 16

Dysarthria

Answer 16

a speech disorder caused by weakness or incoordination of the speech muscles; characterized by weakness, slow movement, and a lack of coordination of the muscles associated with speech