chp 6 asian Flashcards
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
ORIGINS:
-EAST ASIA (Japan, Korea, China)
-SOUTHEAST ASIA (Philippines, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Indonesia, Singapore, Burma, Vietnam, Malaysia)
-SOUTH ASIA (Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka)
KEY RELIGIONS: Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism
Pew Research Center 2017
Asians immigrants projected to become the largest foreign-born group in the U.S. by 2055
Many Indians in the U.S. are Brahmin
- Highest in CASTE SYSTEM
- Represent wealthy people
- High priority on careers in science, medicine
- Many SIKH Indians in CA today (darker skinned Indians may experience discrimination from lighter-skinned Indians – COLORISM)
Former student Harpreet
- Lighter-skinned Indians in middle school would not let her associate with them
- Bullied because she is darker and of a lower caste
Sonam R., 2016:** (Indian)
- There is NO intermarriage between castes
- Girls are encouraged to stay home
CONTRASTNG BELIEFS, VALUES, AND PRACTICES** (traditional asian)
-Fatalism
-Tradition, living with Change, future
the past
-Group welfare
-Mutual interdependence
-Hierarchy, rigid role status
-Conformity
-Encourages continued Early indep.
dependence on family encouraged (older sibs HELP)
-Parent is authority;
-expects submission
-unquestioning obedience
-Parents ask ch “What can you do to help me?”
CONTRASTNG BELIEFS, VALUES, AND PRACTICES (mainstream)
- Personal control over envt., one’s fate
- Change, future orientation
- Self actualization, privacy
- Independence, indiv. autonomy
- Equality, status determined by achievement
- Challenge authority
- Early indep. encouraged
- Parent gives choices
- encouraged
- Parents ask ch “What can I do to help you?”
For children, many Asian families believe (in contrast to traditional U.S. families)
- Self expression not important
- Learn by observation, not exploration
- Best – seen and not heard
Having children is important—Fidela B., 2016, Laotian:**
- Under a lot of pressure to get married (she’s around 25)
- Mom: “Your eggs are dying.”
CUSTOMS, COURTESIES, VALUES
- Hospitality
- Respect for elders, teachers, authority figures
- Modesty, humility
Communication Styles
- Formal rules of communication propriety based on relative status of interlocutors
- May be considered appropriate to ask personal questions
- Indirectness often the norm re: touchy subjects
- Some Asians may smile or laugh when embarrassed or angry
Amor propio
respect – saving face so no one is ashamed
Pakikisama:
good feelings – getting along – preserving harmony
HEALTH CARE AND DISABILITIES
- Visible vs. invisible disabilities
- Disabilities -> fate, karma, sins committed by ancestors
- Families may be ashamed to bring a child for help if his/her disability represents sins committed by parents/ancestors
As SLPs
We may have trouble getting families to acknowledge disabilities and sign IEPs for special education services
ASIAN EDUCATION
- Hugely valued
- Asian children attend preschool at a higher rate than other groups
California Educator—Asians in the U.S. have the highest rates of
- College degree attainment
- # of persons w/ advanced degrees
- Working in highly skilled occupations (outperform whites)
However, in California: (California Educator continued)
- 40% of Hmong, 38% of Laotians, and 35% of Cambodians don’t complete high school
- Due to poverty
In most Asian countries, there is
- Great respect for teachers
- Heavy reliance on rote learning, memorization
- Teachers are very authoritarian
- Class is formal; teachers lecture
- Teachers don’t admit mistakes
Differences–Asian and American Schools (Stevenson; compared Beijing & Chicago)**
- Long days, but lots of recess (in Asian schools)
- 3x more American than Asian mothers “very satisfied” w/ their ch’s progress
- U.S. ch ranked themselves much higher than Chinese Ch, even though Chinese Ch ahead academically in all subjects
When asked what they’d wish for
- American ch: $$ & material objects; below 10% expressed wishes about education
- Almost 70% of Chinese ch focused wished on college
- Confucian beliefs – individual differences in ability de-emphasized
- EFFORT and DILIGENCE are supreme
Abboud & Kim
- Role of Asian children in families: 1) respect elders and obey parents, 2) work hard and do well in school to secure a bright future
- Many Asian parents work hard all day and morph into educators at night—that is their role
- Asian parents put academics first, while other parents often put sports/athletics first; kids are too tired to study
many asian parents…
-unaware of after-school clubs and extracurricular
Help increase awareness
ASIAN LANGUAGE CONSIDERATIONS
Many languages have numerous dialects
Some Languages are Tonal
- Khmer (Cambodia), Japanese, Korean not tonal languages
- Vietnamese, Chinese, Laotian are tonal; each tone represents a meaning change
- Vietnamese has 6 tones, for example
Linguistically…
- Some countries are monolingual
- E.g., in Laos – Lao; Japan – Japanese
- However, in some countries, many langs
IMPLICATIONS FOR PROFESSIONALS**
- We may need to address the HUSBAND FIRST BECAUSE the wife is subordinate
- It may be DISGRACEFUL for the family to admit to or discuss a child’s DISABILITY; entire family lineage disgraced—INTERVENTION may be REJECTED
- Some families do not believe that it is important to talk with young children and babies; may not be open to EARLY INTERVENTION
teach asian ch…
“home” and “school” rules for talking**
Analyze expressive lang skills by evaluating writing, not speaking (quiet in class)
Some families dislike “game” format of tx—prefer structured drill activities
To, Stokes, Cheung, & T’sou (Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research) Narrative assessment for Cantonese-speaking children
- NARRATIVE SKILLS strong predictors of LATER LANGUAGE OUTCOMES
- This study attempted to create some NORMS for evaluating narrative skills of Cantonese-speaking children
- Studied typically-developing subjects and those with specific language impairment (SLI)
The researchers found that
- Narrative assessment can be reliably and validly standardized for use w/ Catonese- speaking (CS) ch
- CS Ch W/ SLI: great difficulty using appropriate SYNTACTIC COMPLEXITY when telling stories in Cantonese
These children also
- Showed limited ability to present as many ideas
- Used NONSPECIFIC terms (e.g., “the girl DID the leg of the cat” rather than “the girl BANDAGED the leg of the cat”)
So we know that
Assessment of children’s narrative skills is very promising -> differentiating lang. difference from LI
Assessment of children’s narrative skills is very promising -> differentiating lang. difference from LI
In 2000, there were 24,516 Filipinos in Sacramento County
In recent years, this has increased to 41,455 (69% INCREASE)
Former students from this class:
-Filipinos predominantly ROMAN CATHOLIC —enlist help of PRIEST, church members
-Family–huge sacrifices to come to U.S. for a better life for Ch
-150 dialects
filipinos love…
- personal touch – e.g. pulling out pix of your kids – can relate to you better
- When making tx recommendation, say “we” not “you”
- Talk about ch’s strengths before weaknesses/deficits
Bahala na
leave it to god – its out of your hands anyway
TALK ABOUT…
- EDUCATION– how tx related to ch doing better academically
- Not all filipinos speak tagalog! Be careful –> interpreter
Extracurricular activities…
not emphasized; academics much higher priority
As a ch, you are your parents’ future – takes care of them in old age
Parents push for
- MATH, SCIENCE majors; “Safe” careers so ch will not be poor
- More career freedom for sons than daughters
- OLDEST SIBLING – lots of responsibility
HIDE…
- Hide tattoos – prison
- Many filipinos have MAIDS, esp. to help CARE FOR CH.
- College credits, creds/degrees may not transfer to U.S.
Tasha Ketphanh—Laos:
- Grew up in Sacto on welfare
- Education not important—you’re just going to work in RICE FIELDS
- Laotians ↑st PRISON population of Asians
- Don’t ever look an adult in the face
Tasha (Laos; continued)
- Don’t touch people’s heads
- White string bracelet fends off bad spirits
- Jewelry is big – bling scares away ghosts
- In Laos, people with physical disabilities live on the outskirts of the city – afraid they’ll scare ch
- Boys taken as soldiers – 10 years old
I have found that Asians
- Are generally terrific to work with
- Very APPRECIATIVE
- If they understand WHY, they will do carry over
